Evaluationsbericht: Das Internet strategisch richtig nutzen
Albrecht Kauffmann, P. J. J. Welfens, M. Vogelsang
Diskussionsbeiträge des Europäischen Instituts für Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen (EIIW), Universität Potsdam, Nr. 79,
No. 79,
2001
Abstract
Die Nutzung des Internet und der internetbasierten Dienstleistungen zu Informations- und Kommunikationszwecken ist bereits in vielen mittleren und größeren Unternehmen in Deutschland selbstverständlich geworden. Für andere mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) stellt die Anwendung des Internets eine Herausforderung dar, der sie sich kaum mehr entziehen können, wollen sie nicht Gefahr laufen, ihre im Wettbewerb erlangte Position einzubüßen. Das von der Europäischen Union und dem Land Nordrhein-Westfalen geförderte ADAPT2-Projekt „Das Internet strategisch richtig nutzen“ untersucht die Wirkung von Maßnahmen, die die KMU beim Einstieg in das Internet begleiten sollen. Es geht der Frage nach der Notwendigkeit staatlicher Förderung solcher Maßnahmen nach und liefert Anhaltspunkte für ihre inhaltlich zweckmäßige und quantitativ angemessene Ausgestaltung. Demonstriert werden Möglichkeiten und Ergebnisse der Unterstützung einer Gruppe kleiner und mittlerer nordrhein-westfälischer Maschinenbauunternehmen. Die Leitung des Projekts lag bei der ZENIT GmbH, Mülheim a.d. Ruhr; seine Durchführung erfolgte in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Europäischen Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen (EIIW) an der Universität Potsdam. Dort erfolgte auch die Projektevaluation, welche sich im wesentlichen auf die Befragung sowohl der teilnehmenden Unternehmen gegen Ende der Förderung wie auch einer Gruppe von nichtteilnehmenden Unternehmen stützt. Es zeigte sich, daß geeignete Begleitmaßnahmen für die beteiligten KMUs
hilfreich waren; zudem zeigt sich weiterer Forschungs- und Beratungsbedarf.
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Kosten und Nutzen der Ausbildung an Tertiärbildungsinstitutionen im Vergleich
Martina Eschelbach, G. Heineck, Steffen Müller, Regina T. Riphahn
Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik,
No. 2,
2010
Abstract
We compare German institutions of tertiary education (universities and polytechnics) with respect to the cost of and the returns to their educational degrees. Based on cost data from two different sources we find that on average the expenditures of universities are lower than those of polytechnics when we consider expenditures per potential enrollee and per student enrolled during the regular education period. We apply data from the German Socio-economic Panel (2001–2007) to estimate the private returns to tertiary education and find higher returns to university than polytechnic training. These results are robust to a variety of alternative procedures.
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Towards a Europeanization of Wage Bargaining? Evidence from the Metal Sector
Vera Glassner, Toralf Pusch
European Journal of Industrial Relations,
No. 2,
2013
Abstract
European trade unions have attempted to coordinate their bargaining strategies transnationally in order to counter downward pressures on wages. Such coordination is most feasible in broadly integrated and exposed sectors that have to face common competitive constraints on wages. This article investigates collectively negotiated wage increases in the metal sector in Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany. We assume a specific logic of transnational pattern bargaining, with Germany as the ‘anchor’ country. We investigate the emergence of a transnational wage coordination effect before and after institutions for the coordination of wage bargaining were established. Finally, we draw conclusions on prospects for wage bargaining coordination with further integration of Economic and Monetary Union.
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Ceremonial Encapsulation and the Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technology in Germany
Iciar Dominguez Lacasa
Journal of Economic Issues,
No. 4,
2014
Abstract
This inquiry employs ideas advanced by institutionalist thinker Paul Dale Bush to shed light on technology diffusion in Germany’s electrical generation and distribution industry. Research findings suggest that what Bush labeled as ceremonial dominance affects outcomes in technology selection. Evidence suggests that fossil fuel and nuclear technologies have remained favored by power producers despite the externalized environmental costs to society associated with their implementations. Advances in government policy have indeed created a framework that favorably accommodates renewable energy technologies. However, what Bush labeled ceremonial dominance is shown to persist and to contribute to ceremonial encapsulation. Consequently, renewable energy technologies have diffused only to the point that the powers behind the industry remain in dominant positions. Although there is measurable, incremental technological change in the electrical power industry, in light of the urgency of climate change problems, technologies supporting the electrical power system need to be selected more judiciously.
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EFN Report Autumn 2015: Economic Outlook for the Euro Area in 2015 and 2016
European Forecasting Network Reports,
No. 4,
2015
Abstract
For the end of this year and for 2016, chances are good that production in advanced economies will continue to expand a bit faster than at trend rates, while growth dynamics in emerging markets economies will not strengthen or even continue to decrease.
Since autumn 2014, production in the euro area expands at an annualized rate of about 1.5%. The recovery appears to be broad based, with contributions from private consumption, exports, and investment into fixed capital, although it fell back in the second quarter after a strong increase at the beginning of the year. From a regional perspective, the recovery is as well quite broad based: production is expanding in almost every country, surprisingly and according to official data, including Greece.
Structural impediments still limit the ability of the euro area economy to grow strongly: firms and, in particular, private households are only slowly reducing their heavy debt burdens.
According to our forecasts, the euro area GDP will grow by 1.6% in 2015 and by 1.9% in 2016. The high increase in the number of refugees in 2015 will, in principle, positively affect private as well as public consumption, but the effect should be below 0.1 percentage points relative to GDP.
Our inflation forecast for 2015 is 0.1%. For 2016, we expect that inflation will increase to 1.3%, which is still below the ECB’s target of 2%.
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A Study of the Competitiveness of Regions based on a Cluster Analysis: The Example of East Germany
Franz Kronthaler
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 179,
2003
Abstract
This paper examines whether some East German regions have already achieved the same economic capability as the regions in West Germany, so that they are on a competitive basis with the West German regions and are able to reach the same economic level in the long run. If this is not the case, it is important to know more about the reasons for the economic weakness of the East German regions twelve years after unification.
The study is based on a cluster analysis. Criteria for the cluster formation are several economic indicators, which provide information about the economic capability of regions. The choice of the indicators is based on a review of results of the theoretical and empirical literature on the new growth theory and new economic geography.
The results show that most of the East German regions have not yet reached the economic capability and competitiveness of their West German counterparts so that they - from the viewpoint of the new growth theory and the new economic geography - are not in the position to reach the same economic level. According to these theories economic disadvantages are most notably the consequences of less technical progress, a lack of entrepreneurship and fewer business concentration. Under these points it is especially noteworthy that young well educated people leave these East German regions so that human capital might will turn into a bottle-neck in the near future. Only a few regions in East Germany - those with important agglomerations - are comparable to West German regions that are characterised by average capability and competitiveness, but not to those with above average economic capability and competitiveness. Even those more advanced East German regions still suffer from a slower technical progress.
There are important policy implications based on these results: regional policy in East Germany was not able to assist raising all regions to a sufficient level of competitiveness. It may be more effective to concentrate the regional policy efforts on a selection of important agglomerations. This has also strong implications for the EU regional policy assuming that the accession countries will have similar problems in catching up to the economic level of the EU as have the East German regions.
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Rents and Quality of Life in Eastern Germany
Dominik Weiß
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 12,
2008
Abstract
Das Mietniveau zwischen Westdeutschland und Ostdeutschland unterscheidet sich im Durchschnitt um weniger als einen Euro. Dieser geringe Unterschied ist angesichts der wirtschaftlichen Schwäche und der hohen Leerstandsrate in Ostdeutschland erklärungsbedürftig.
An einem Sample deutscher Kommunen wird mit einem hedonischen Regressionsmodell der Einfluss lokaler Ausstattungsmerkmale auf die Mietpreise verschiedener Marktsegmente untersucht. Als erklärende Variablen werden demografische, wohnungsmarktbezogene und ökonomisch-raumstrukturelle Merkmale verwendet. Dabei werden im Modell Thesen über höhere Mietpreise berücksichtigt, die im Zusammenhang mit der transformationsbedingten Anpassung des ostdeutschen Wohnungsmarktes in den 1990er zu sehen sind. Ein zentrales Modellergebnis ist der Hinweis darauf, dass die Bestandssegmente in Ostdeutschland relativ zur Lebensqualität der Stadt überhöhte Mietniveaus aufweisen. Eine genauere Untersuchung der Gründe für diesen Mietpreisaufschlang sind wünschenswert, da weitere Abwanderung aus Ostdeutschland die regionalwirtschaftliche Folge einer zu hohen Miete sein könnte.
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Corporate Taxation and Capital Structure Choice in Germany: A General Equilibrium Model
Reint E. Gropp
FinanzArchiv,
No. 2,
1995
Abstract
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Local Taxes and Capital Structure Choice
Reint E. Gropp
International Tax and Public Finance,
No. 1,
2002
Abstract
This paper investigates the question of taxation and capital structure choice in Germany. Germany represents an excellent case study for investigating the question of whether and to what extent taxes influence the debt-equity decision of firms, because the relative tax burdens on debt and equity vary greatly across communities. German communities levy local taxes on profits and long-term debt payments in addition to personal and corporate taxes on the federal level. A stylized model is presented incorporating these taxes. The model shows that local taxes create substantial incentives for firms to use debt financing. Furthermore, the paper empirically investigates the effect of local business taxes on the share of debt used to finance incremental investments by German firms. I find that local taxes significantly influence the capital structure choice of firms, controlling for a large number of other factors. In an extensive sensitivity analysis the tax effect are found to be robust across several different specifications.
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Is There a Way for Old Industrial Districts to Become Attractive for Cultural Industry? The Case of Media Businesses in Halle (Saale), Germany
Martin T. W. Rosenfeld, Christoph Hornych
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 15,
2008
Abstract
manufacturing have collapsed are trying to stimulate entrepreneurial activities of businesses in the cultural industry. The question is whether this strategy could be successful. This article examines the strategy of supporting the sector of Media Industry (´MI´) by policy makers in the region of Halle in East Germany, where a strong de-industrialization has taken place after the German reunification. Stimulated by the policy makers’ support measures, there actually was a remarkable development of MI. However, the number of MI firms and their employees did not further increase in recent years, after having reached a certain level. This illustrates the limits of political measures for turning a city’s path of industrial development voluntarily.
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