Can Fixed Exchange Rates Discipline Fiscal Policy?
Makram El-Shagi
CEGE Diskussionspapier Nr. 84,
2009
Abstract
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The ADR Shadow Exchange Rate as an Early Warning Indicator for Currency Crises
Stefan Eichler, Alexander Karmann, Dominik Maltritz
Journal of Banking and Finance,
No. 11,
2009
Abstract
We develop an indicator for currency crisis risk using price spreads between American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) and their underlyings. This risk measure represents the mean exchange rate ADR investors expect after a potential currency crisis or realignment. It makes crisis prediction possible on a daily basis as depreciation expectations are reflected in ADR market prices. Using daily data, we analyze the impact of several risk drivers related to standard currency crisis theories and find that ADR investors perceive higher currency crisis risk when export commodity prices fall, trading partners’ currencies depreciate, sovereign yield spreads increase, or interest rate spreads widen.
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Inflation Expectations: Does the Market Beat Professional Forecasts?
Makram El-Shagi
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 16,
2009
Abstract
The present paper compares expected inflation to (econometric) inflation forecasts
based on a number of forecasting techniques from the literature using a panel of
ten industrialized countries during the period of 1988 to 2007. To capture expected
inflation we develop a recursive filtering algorithm which extracts unexpected inflation from real interest rate data, even in the presence of diverse risks and a potential Mundell-Tobin-effect.
The extracted unexpected inflation is compared to the forecasting errors of ten
econometric forecasts. Beside the standard AR(p) and ARMA(1,1) models, which
are known to perform best on average, we also employ several Phillips curve based approaches, VAR, dynamic factor models and two simple model avering approaches.
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A Simple Macro Model of Original Sin based on Optimal Price Setting under Incomplete Information
Axel Lindner
International Economics and Economic Policy,
2009
Abstract
This paper analyses the consequences of “original sin“ (the fact that the currency of an emerging market economy usually cannot be used to borrow abroad) for macroeconomic stability. The approach is based on third-generation models of currency crises, but differs from alternative versions by explicitly modeling the price setting behavior of firms if prices are sticky and there is incomplete information about the future exchange rate. It is shown that a small depreciation is beneficial, but a large one is detrimental.
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Transmission of Nominal Exchange Rate Changes to Export Prices and Trade Flows and Implications for Exchange Rate Policy
Oliver Holtemöller, Mathias Hoffmann
Deutsche Bundesbank Discussion Paper 21/2009,
2009
Abstract
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Is East Germany Catching Up? A Time Series Perspective
Bernd Aumann, Rolf Scheufele
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 14,
2009
Abstract
This paper assesses whether the economy of East Germany is catching up with the
West German region in terms of welfare. While the primary measure for convergence and catching up is per capita output, we also look at other macroeconomic indicators such as unemployment rates, wage rates, and production levels in the manufacturingsector. In contrast to existing studies of convergence between regions of reunified Germany, our approach is purely based upon the time series dimension and is thus directly focused on the catching up process in East Germany as a region. Our testing setup includes standard ADF unit root tests as well as unit root tests that endogenously allow for a break in the deterministic component of the process. In our analysis, we find evidence of catching up for East Germany for most of the indicators. However, convergence speed is slow, and thus it can be expected that the catching up process will take further decades until the regional gap is closed.
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Beyond Incubation: An Analysis of Firm Survival and Exit Dynamics in the Post-graduation Period
Michael Schwartz
Journal of Technology Transfer,
2009
Abstract
With regard to the survival rates of business incubator (BI) firms, the literature mainly presents findings of failure rates only during the incubation period. Little is known about the survival or exit dynamics of firms after leaving the incubator facilities. The study approaches this research question by examining the survival of 352 firms from five German BIs after their graduation. The findings suggest that graduation causes an immediate negative effect on survivability that lasts up to three years after leaving the incubators. Furthermore, heterogeneous patterns of post-graduation exit dynamics between the BIs were observed. It was also found that performance during the incubation period is an indicator of the propensity of business closure after graduation. This study offers valuable insights and implications for all stakeholders of BI-initiatives.
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Currency Appreciation and Exports: Empirical Evidence for Germany
Götz Zeddies
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 6,
2009
Abstract
Trotz anfänglicher Skepsis hat sich der Euro in den ersten zehn Jahren nach seiner Einführung an den Devisenmärkten behauptet und gegenüber wichtigen Fremdwährungen deutlich an Wert gewonnen. Obgleich ein Großteil des Außenhandels der EWU-Mitgliedstaaten seit der Euro-Einführung keinem Wechselkursrisiko mehr unterliegt, birgt ein starker Euro für exportorientierte Länder wie Deutschland dennoch Gefahren.
Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Auswirkungen von Wechselkursveränderungen auf die deutschen Exporte im Zeitverlauf. Die Analysen bestätigen, dass insbesondere die nominalen Wechselkurse an Einfluss verloren haben. Allerdings gilt dies nicht nur in Bezug auf den Gesamtexport, der allein durch die Verwirklichung der Währungsunion weniger anfällig gegenüber Wechselkursschwankungen geworden sein dürfte, sondern auch für die Warenlieferungen in Länder außerhalb des Euroraums. Ein zunehmender Ausgleich nominaler Wechselkursveränderungen durch Preisanpassungen findet zwar statt, kann aber sicherlich nicht als alleiniger Erklärungsansatz für die schwindende Wechselkursreagibilität der Ausfuhren dienen, sodass weitere Faktoren in Betracht zu ziehen sind.
So zeigt sich etwa, dass die Exporte auch auf Veränderungen der realen Wechselkurse und damit der internationalen Preisrelationen immer weniger reagieren. Stattdessen werden die Ausfuhren zunehmend durch die konjunkturelle Entwicklung in den Handelspartnerländern determiniert. In diesem Zusammenhang konnte Deutschland aufgrund seiner geographischen Lage sicherlich stärker als andere Länder von der kräftigen Nachfrageausweitung der mittel- und osteuropäischen Staaten profitieren, die die Euro-Aufwertung überlagert hat. Zudem haben die Kursgewinne des Euro den deutschen Exportgüterproduzenten auch wegen des auf Investitions- und qualitativ hochwertige Industriegüter ausgerichteten Warenangebots kaum geschadet.
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A Dynamic Approach to Interest Rate Convergence in Selected Euro-candidate Countries
Hubert Gabrisch, Lucjan T. Orlowski
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 10,
2009
Abstract
We advocate a dynamic approach to monetary convergence to a common currency that is based on the analysis of financial system stability. Accordingly, we empirically test volatility dynamics of the ten-year sovereign bond yields of the 2004 EU accession countries in relation to the eurozone yields during the January 2, 2001 untill January 22, 2009 sample period. Our results show a varied degree of bond yield co-movements, the most pronounced for the Czech Republic, Slovenia and Poland, and weaker for Hungary and Slovakia. However, since the EU accession, we find some divergence of relative bond yields. We argue that a ‘static’ specification of the Maastricht criterion for long-term bond yields is not fully conducive for advancing stability of financial systems in the euro-candidate countries.
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