Growth, Volatility, and Credit Market Imperfections: Evidence from German Firms
Claudia M. Buch, Jörg Döpke
Journal of Economic Studies,
2008
Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, it studies whether output volatility and growth are linked at the firm-level, using data for German firms. Second, it explores whether the link between volatility and growth depends on the degree of credit market imperfections.
Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a novel firm-level dataset provided by the Deutsche Bundesbank, the so-called Financial Statements Data Pool. The dataset has time series observations for German firms for the period 1997-2004, and the authors use information on the debt-to-assets or leverage ratio of firms to proxy for credit-constraints at the firm-level. As additional proxies for the importance of credit market imperfections, we use information on the size and on the legal status of firms.
Findings – The authors find that higher volatility has a negative impact on growth for small and a positive impact for larger firms. Higher leverage is associated with higher growth. At the same time, there is heterogeneity in the determinants of growth across firms from different sectors and across firms with a different legal status.
Practical implications – While most traditional macroeconomic models assume that growth and volatility are uncorrelated, a number of microeconomic models suggest that the two may be linked. However, it is unclear whether the link is positive or negative. The paper presents additional evidence regarding this question. Moreover, understanding whether credit market conditions affect the link between volatility and growth is of importance for policy makers since it suggests a channel through which the credit market can have long-run welfare implications. The results stress the importance of firm-level heterogeneity for the effects and effectiveness of economic policy measures.
Originality/value – The paper has two main novel features. First, it uses a novel firm-level dataset to analyze the determinants of firm-level growth. Second, it analyzes the growth-volatility nexus using firm-level data. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper, which addresses the link between volatility, growth, and credit market imperfections using firm-level data.
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The African growth gap, Development Policy and the Realization of the MDGs
Tobias Knedlik, Eva Reinowski
African Development Perspectives Yearbook, No. 13,
2008
Abstract
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New Growth and Poverty Alleviation Strategies for Africa - International and Regional Perspectives. African Development Perspectives Yearbook, Vol. 13
Karl Wohlmuth, Tobias Knedlik, Mareike Meyn, Afeikhena Jerome, T. (eds) Urban
African Development Perspectives Yearbook,
2008
Abstract
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Von der Rendite zum Ballast - Der Einfluss der Demographie auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung
Lutz Schneider
Ordnungspolitische Standpunkte zu aktuellen Fragen der Umwelt-, Wettbewerbs- und Wirtschaftspolitik,
2008
Abstract
Der Beitrag untersucht auf Basis einer neoklassischen Produktionsfunktion die potentiellen Effekte, welche Alterung und Schrumpfung der Bevölkerung, insbesondere des Erwerbspersonenpotentials auf das Angebotspotential und damit das Wachstum einer kleinen offenen Volkswirtschaft haben wird. Es wird argumentiert, dass besonders die Bevölkerungsalterung eine erhebliche Hypothek für die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung darstellt, während die Effekte der Schrumpfung als weniger problematisch einzustufen sind.
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Are European Equity Style Indices Efficient? – An Empirical Quest in Three Essays
Marian Berneburg
Schriften des IWH,
No. 28,
2008
Abstract
Many situations in the history of the stock markets indicate that assets are not always efficiently priced. But why does it matter whether the stock market is efficiently priced? Because “well-functioning financial markets are a key factor to high economic growth”. (Mishkin and Eakins, 2006, pp. 3-4) In three essays, it is the aim of the author to shed some more light on the topic of market efficiency, which is far from being resolved. Since European equity markets have increased in importance globally, the author, instead of focusing on US markets, looks at a unified European equity market. By testing for a random walk in equity prices, revisiting Shiller’s claim of excess volatility through the means of a vector error correction model, and modifying the Gordon-Growth-Model, the book concludes that a small degree of inefficiency cannot be ruled out. While usually European equity markets are pricing assets correctly, some periods (e.g. the late 1990s and early 2000s) show clear signs of mispricing; the hypothesis of a world with two states (regime one, a normal efficient state, and regime two, a state in which markets are more momentum driven) presents a possible explanation.
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The Identification of Regional Industrial Clusters Using Qualitative Input-Output Analysis
Mirko Titze, Matthias Brachert, Alexander Kubis
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 13,
2008
Abstract
The ‘cluster theory’ has become one of the main concepts promoting regional competitiveness, innovation, and growth. As most studies focus on measures of concentration of one industrial branch in order to identify regional clusters, the appropriate analysis of specific vertical relations within a value-adding chain is developing in this discussion. This paper tries to identify interrelated sectors via national input-output tables with the help of Minimal Flow Analysis by Schnabl (1994). The regionalization of these national industry templates is carried out with the allocation of branch-specific production values on regional employment. As a result, the paper shows concentrations of vertical clusters in only 27 of 439 German NUTS-3 regions.
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Innovationskraft ostdeutscher Clusterstrukturen. Statistik Regional
Christoph Hornych
Statistik Regional Electronic Papers, 2008-01,
2008
Abstract
Von Clusterstrukturen, d. h. von der regionalen Konzentration von Akteuren einer Branche, werden sich eine Reihe positiver ökonomischer Effekte versprochen. So wird davon ausgegangen, dass Akteure in Clustern von Wissensspillovern profitieren können und folglich eine besonders hohe Innovationskraft aufweisen. Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, die Gültigkeit dieser Wirkungszusammenhänge für ostdeutsche Regionen zu prüfen. Zur Abbildung von Clusterstrukturen werden zunächst regionale Branchenschwerpunkte identifiziert. Anschließend werden diese in die Schätzung einer regionalen „Wissensproduktionsfunktion“ einbezogen, um zu prüfen, ob von Clusterstrukturen eine Stärkung der Innovationskraft ausgeht.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass – entgegen den Erwartungen – kein signifikanter Einfluss von Branchenschwerpunkten auf die Innovationsaktivitäten ausgeht. Hingegen konnten Hinweise auf die Wirkung intersektoraler Wissensspillover gefunden werden. Somit besitzen Effekte, die aus der Ballung von Akteuren verschiedener Branchen resultieren (Urbanisierungseffekte), eine höhere Bedeutung für das regionale Innovationsgeschehen als Effekte, die aus
der Ballung von Akteuren einer Branche resultieren (Lokalisationseffekte). Die Studie liefert demnach keine Hinweise darauf, dass ostdeutsche Clusterstrukturen eine besondere Innovationskraft aufweisen.
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Will Oil Prices Decline Over the Long Run?
Filippo di Mauro, Robert K. Kaufmann, Pavlos Karadeloglou
ECB Occasional Paper Series,
No. 98,
2008
Abstract
At present, oil markets appear to be behaving in a fashion similar to that in the late 1970s and early 1980s when oil prices rose sharply over an extended period. Furthermore, like at that time, analysts are split on whether such increases will persist or reverse, and if so by how much. The present paper argues that the similarities between the two episodes are not as strong as they might appear at first sight, and that the likelihood of sharp reversals in prices is not particularly great. There are a number of reasons in support of the view that it is unlikely that the first two decades of this century will mimic the last two decades of the previous century. First, oil demand is likely to grow significantly in line with strong economic growth in non-OECD countries. Second, on the supply side, OPEC is likely to enhance its control over markets over the next two decades, as supply increases in newly opened areas will only partially offset declining rates of production in other geologically mature non-OPEC oil regions. Moreover, while concerns about climate change will spur global efforts to reduce carbon emissions, these efforts are not expected to reduce oil demand. Finally, although there is much talk about alternative fuels, few of these are economically viable at the prices currently envisioned, and given the structural impediments, there is a reduced likelihood that the market will be able to generate sufficient quantities of these alternative fuels over the forecast horizon. The above factors imply that oil prices are likely to continue to exceed the USD 70 to USD 90 range over the long term.
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Der lange Schatten des Sozialismus: Folgen für die Wirtschaftspolitik in Ostdeutschland
Ulrich Blum
List Forum für Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik,
2008
Abstract
Die Wirtschaft der Neuen Bundesländer wächst, ist aber seit den letzten 10 Jahren nicht in der Lage, den Rückstand gegenüber dem Westen zu verringern. Der Artikel geht der Frage nach, welche wirtschaftsgeschichtlichen Gründe hierfür verantwortlich zeichnen. Es wird gezeigt, daß der Exodus von Eliten bereits in den dreißiger Jahren in der Vertreibung und Ermordung jüdischer Eliten beginnt. In der Zeit nach dem 2. Weltkrieg bis zum Mauerbau 1961 verlassen vor allem junge und qualifizierte Menschen die sowjetische Zone und später die DDR, so daß die durch das Dritte Reich und den Krieg zerstörten Eliten nicht ersetzt werden. Das wohlstandsfeindliche Wirtschaftssystem zerstört Mitte der siebziger Jahre durch die Enteignung des industriellen Mittelstands eine wesentliche Produktivitätsbasis, die vor allem auch half, durch ihren Export in den Westen Devisen zu erwirtschaften. Damit war die Zahlungsbilanzkrise von 1981 zwangsläufig, die nur notdürftig durch den Straußkredit überbrückt wurde, 1988 aber wieder wirksam wurde und zur Aufgabe des Wirtschaftssystems zwang. Die Treuhandprivatisierung wollte die aufgelaufenen Defizite in den Führungsfunktionen nicht durch Restitution kompensieren. Das damit heute sichtbare Defizit an Headquarterfunktionen ist die zentrale Wachstums- und Wohlstandsbremse der Neuen Bundesländer und wird erst in längerer Frist durch Aufbau entsprechender Strukturen in einem neuen Technologiezyklus abgebaut werden.
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Shrinking due to corpulence? BMI in childhood predicts subsequent linear growth among US children and youth, 1963-1970
Marco Sunder
Annals of Human Biology,
2008
Abstract
While the USA is one of the most opulent countries, its population is not among the tallest but is among the most corpulent. This short report investigates the association between body mass index in childhood and subsequent change in height-for-age at the individual level, based on data from the National Health Examination Study (1963-1970). A sub-sample of participants in this survey was measured twice at intervals between 2.3 and 4.4 years, and assessed bone age can be used to account for differences in maturation at baseline. Regression results indicate that a BMI-for-age above the 85th percentile is associated with a reduction in growth by 0.03-0.06 height-for-age standard deviations per year, or roughly 1 cm within 4 years. An inefficiently high nutritional status in childhood may thus jeopardize subsequent linear growth. However, the trans-Atlantic height gap is considerably larger than what this empirical relationship could predict.
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