24.06.2016 • 26/2016
UK’s “No” to EU will be costly for both sides
On Thursday 23rd, the British people have decided to leave the European Union (EU) Their vote not to remain in the European community was surprisingly clear. UK’s exit will have both political and economic consequences which are far-reaching for the country itself as well as the rest of Europe. “The reactions of the remaining member states are the crucial key now, especially France’s and Germany’s” says Reint E. Gropp, President of the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) – Member of the Leibniz Association.
Reint E. Gropp
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20.06.2016 • 24/2016
Financial market reaction to poll data suggests strong effects of a Brexit on exchange rates and the banking system both in the UK and in the EU
On 23 June 2016, there will be a referendum in the United Kingdom (UK) on the question of whether or not the country should remain in the European Union (EU). We use the polls as a measure of the likelihood of an exit to examine the likely effect of a Brexit on financial markets. “Whenever the probability in the polls of a Brexit moves above 50%, we observe a substantial depreciation of the UK pound with respect to most major currencies (including the euro), and strong decline in bank stock prices, suggesting that markets feel the financial sector (both in the UK and the EU) will be most severely affected by a Brexit”, IWH President Reint E. Gropp says. There is little effect on the euro/US Dollar exchange rate. “A huge concern is that overall market volatility both in the UK and the EU are on record highs since last Thursday, reflecting the higher uncertainty associated with Brexit and how exactly, if it happened, it would come about.” Within the UK, we see some evidence for a flight to safety into UK government bonds, but no effects for German bonds.
Reint E. Gropp
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Konjunktur aktuell: Deutsche Konjunktur: Aufschwung setzt sich fort
Konjunktur aktuell,
No. 3,
2015
Abstract
Nach einem moderaten Start ins Jahr 2015 wird die gesamtwirtschaftliche Produktion in Deutschland wieder etwas mehr Fahrt aufnehmen. Der Produktionszuwachs dürfte im zweiten und im dritten Quartal 2015 mit 0,5% sogar über seiner Potenzialrate liegen. Die Inlandsnachfrage bleibt kräftig, und die Nachfrage aus dem Ausland zieht wieder etwas an. Alles in allem dürfte das reale Bruttoinlandsprodukt im Jahr 2015 um 1,8% steigen (66%-Prognoseintervall: 1,3% bis 2,3%).
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Understanding the Great Recession
Mathias Trabandt, Lawrence J. Christiano, Martin S. Eichenbaum
American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics,
No. 1,
2015
Abstract
We argue that the vast bulk of movements in aggregate real economic activity during the Great Recession were due to financial frictions. We reach this conclusion by looking through the lens of an estimated New Keynesian model in which firms face moderate degrees of price rigidities, no nominal rigidities in wages, and a binding zero lower bound constraint on the nominal interest rate. Our model does a good job of accounting for the joint behavior of labor and goods markets, as well as inflation, during the Great Recession. According to the model the observed fall in total factor productivity and the rise in the cost of working capital played critical roles in accounting for the small drop in inflation that occurred during the Great Recession.
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The Euro Plus Pact: Cost Competitiveness and External Capital Flows in the EU Countries
Hubert Gabrisch, K. Staehr
Abstract
The Euro Plus Pact was approved by 23 EU countries in March 2011 and came into force shortly afterwards. The Pact stipulates a range of quantitative targets meant to strengthen cost competitiveness with the aim of preventing the accumulation of external financial imbalances. This paper uses Granger causality tests and vector autoregressive models to assess the short-term linkages between changes in the relative unit labour cost and changes in the current account balance. The sample consists of annual data for 27 EU countries for the period 1995-2012. The main finding is that changes in the current account balance precedes changes in relative unit labour costs, while there is no discernible effect in the opposite direction. The divergence in unit labour costs between the countries in Northern Europe and the countries in Southern and Eastern Europe may thus partly be the result of capital flows from the core of Europe to the periphery prior to the global financial crisis. The results also suggest that the measures in the Euro Plus Pact to restrain the growth of unit labour costs may not affect the current account balance in the short term.
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The Impact of Institutional and Social Characteristics on Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Japan
Stefan Eichler, Alexander Karmann, N. Lucke
Annals of Financial Economics,
No. 2,
2013
Abstract
We examine the determinants of Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) focusing on institutional and social factors. Using panel data on 59 countries from 1995 to 2008, we find that host countries with free and open markets and greater cultural distance from Japan attract Japanese FDI. Good institutions, such as a well-developed legal framework and an effective government, are important in promoting Japanese FDI to emerging economies, whereas fewer regulatory restrictions, lower tax burden, and more religious diversity attract Japanese FDI to developed countries. We find that corruption stimulates Japanese FDI to developed countries, which is contrary to most previous research.
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Keine Angst vor China – Befunde zur Internationalisierung von Forschung und Entwicklung
Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Wilfried Ehrenfeld, Jutta Günther, Björn Jindra
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 3,
2013
Abstract
Die Internationalisierung von Forschung und Entwicklung nimmt seit vielen Jahren zu. Dieses Phänomen weckt die Befürchtung, der Technologiestandort Deutschland könne durch die Verlagerung von Forschungsaktivitäten insbesondere in die aufstrebenden Schwellenländer gefährdet werden. Um ein vollständigeres Bild dieser Vorgänge zu erhalten, gibt der Beitrag auf der Basis transnationaler Patentdaten einen Überblick über das Ausmaß sowie die relevanten Technologie-felder der Erfinderaktivitäten deutscher Unternehmen im Ausland in den ver-gangenen zwei Jahrzehnten. Die Analyse zeigt, dass Westeuropa mit einem stabilen Anteil von gut 60% weiterhin die wichtigste Zielregion für technologische Aktivitäten deutscher Unternehmen mit Patentoutput ist. In den letzten Jahren haben allerdings Schwellenländer, allen voran China, deutlich an Attraktivität gewonnen, wobei sich der Umfang der Erfinderaktivitäten deutscher Firmen in diesen Ländern immer noch auf einem sehr niedrigen Niveau befindet. Gleichzeitig haben die USA an Bedeutung verloren, bleiben jedoch das wichtigste einzelne Zielland. Die aktuelle Internationalisierung der Erfindertätigkeit in Richtung Schwellenländer stellt schon aufgrund ihres geringen Ausmaßes keine Bedrohung für den Forschungsstandort Deutschland dar. Zudem birgt die stärkere technologische Vernetzung mit diesen aufstrebenden Regionen nicht nur Gefahren, sondern eröffnet auch Potenziale für die in Deutschland ansässige FuE der Unternehmen.
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Regional Origins of Employment Volatility: Evidence from German States
Claudia M. Buch, M. Schlotter
Empirica,
No. 1,
2013
Abstract
Greater openness for trade can have positive welfare effects in terms of higher growth. But increased openness may also increase uncertainty through a higher volatility of employment. We use regional data from Germany to test whether openness for trade has an impact on volatility. We find a downward trend in the unconditional volatility of employment, paralleling patterns for output volatility. The conditional volatility of employment, measuring idiosyncratic developments across states, in contrast, has remained fairly unchanged. In contrast to evidence for the US, we do not find a significant link between employment volatility and trade openness.
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MNE’s Regional Location Choice - A Comparative Perspective on East Germany, the Czech Republic and Poland
Andrea Gauselmann, Philipp Marek, J. P. Angenendt
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 8,
2011
published in: Empirica
Abstract
The focus of this article is the empirical identification of factors influencing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in transition economies on a regional level (NUTS 2). The analysis is designed as benchmark between three neighboring post-communist regions, i.e. East Germany, the Czech Republic and Poland. Their different transition paths have not only resulted in economic differences. We can also observe today that the importance of pull factors for FDI varies significantly across the regions. This analysis shows that in comparison with Poland and the Czech Republic, East Germany’s major benefit is its purchasing power, its geographical proximity to West European markets, and its modern infrastructure. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that intra-industry linkages such as specialization and agglomeration economies are relevant factors for the location decision of foreign investors. This result can help to explain the regional divergence of FDI streams in transition economies.
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The Impact of Fixed Exchange Rates on Fiscal Discipline
Makram El-Shagi
Scottish Journal of Political Economy,
No. 5,
2011
Abstract
In this paper, it is shown that, contrary to standard arguments, fiscal discipline is not substantially enhanced by a fixed exchange rate regime. This study is based on data from 116 countries collected from 1975 to 2004 and uses various estimation techniques for dynamic panel data, in particular a GMM estimation in the tradition Arellano and Bover (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998). Contrary to previous papers on this topic, the present paper takes into account that the consequences of a new exchange rate regime do not necessarily fully manifest immediately.
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