Intra-industry trade and the productivity gap in the enlarged EU
Hubert Gabrisch
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 16,
2002
Abstract
Der Handel der EU mit den zehn Kandidatenländern Mittel- und Osteuropas wird durch vertikale Strukturen bestimmt. Dabei besitzen die Produzenten in den EU-Ländern einen Vorteil in der Produktion von Gütern höherer Qualität. Umfangreiche Direktinvestitionen in die Kandidatenländer haben offensichtlich die Überlegenheit der EU-Produzenten in der angewendeten Technologie, in der Sachkapital- und Humankapitalausstattung nicht verringert. Damit bleibt auch die Produktivitätslücke zwischen EU und Kandidatenländern bestehen. Dieses Phänomen kann damit erklärt werden, dass die Produktion von gleichen Gütern mit niedrigerer Qualität in die Kandidatenländer verlegt wird, während die Produktion einer höheren Qualität in der EU verbleibt und ausgebaut wird. Der Test dieser Hypothese mit dem Modell eines Produkt-Qualität- Zyklus erbringt dafür Hinweise.
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Industrial Specialisation and Productivity Catch-Up in CEECs - Patterns and Prospects -
Johannes Stephan
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 166,
2002
Abstract
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FDI as Multiplier of Modern Technology in Hungarian Industry
Jutta Günther
Intereconomics,
No. 5,
2002
Abstract
Foreign direct investment is generally expected to play a significant role as a multiplier of modern production and management know-how in Central Eastern European transition economies. The following paper examines the various mechanisms by which such technological spillover effects could in theory take place and compares them with the results of an empirical study of their practical significance for Hungarian industry.
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Bank Concentration and Retail Interest Rates
S. Corvoisier, Reint E. Gropp
Journal of Banking and Finance,
No. 11,
2002
Abstract
The recent wave of mergers in the euro area raises the question whether the increase in concentration has offset the increase in competition in European banking through deregulation. We test this question by estimating a simple Cournot model of bank pricing. We construct country and product specific measures of bank concentration and find that for loans and demand deposits increasing concentration may have resulted in less competitive pricing by banks, whereas for savings and time deposits, the model is rejected, suggesting increases in contestability and/or efficiency in these markets. Finally, the paper discusses some implications for tests of the effect of concentration on monetary policy transmission.
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Intra-industry trade between European Union and Transition Economies. Does income distribution matter?
Hubert Gabrisch, Maria Luigia Segnana
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 155,
2002
Abstract
EU-TE trade is increasingly characterised by intra-industry trade. For some countries (Czech Republic), the share of intra-industry trade in total trade with the EU approaches 60 percent. The decomposition of intra-industry trade into horizontal and vertical shares reveals overwhelming vertical structures with strong quality advantages for the EU and shrinking quality advantages for TE countries wherever trade has been liberalised. Empirical research on factors determining this structure in an EU-TE framework has lagged theoretical and empirical research on horizontal trade and vertical trade in other regions of the world. The main objective of this paper is, therefore, to contribute to the ongoing debate over EU-TE trade structures, by offering an explanation of intra-industry trade. We utilize a cross-country approach in which relative wage differences and country size play a leading role. In addition, as implied by a model of the productquality
cycle, we examine income distribution factors as determinates of the emerging
EU-TE structure of trade flows. Using OLS regressions, we find first, that relative
differences in wages (per capita income) and country size explain intra-industry trade, when trade is vertical and completely liberalized and second, that cross country differences in income distribution play no explanatory role. We conclude that if increasing wage differences resulted from an increasing productivity gap between highquality and low-quality industries, then vertical structures will, over the long-term create significant barriers for the increase in TE incomes and lowering EU-TE income differentials.
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Current Trends - Disequilibrium between demand and production in East Germany decreases
Udo Ludwig
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 16,
2001
Abstract
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Network activities and the productivity gap in East Germany: The role of agglomeration advantages
Anita Wölfl, Joachim Ragnitz
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 13,
2001
Abstract
Ausgehend von theoretischen Überlegungen zum Zusammenhang von Produktivität und Netzwerkaktivitäten von Unternehmen wird untersucht, inwieweit ostdeutsche Unternehmen sich in derartige Netzwerke haben integrieren können und inwieweit dies produktivitätserhöhend wirkt. Die Netzwerkeinbindung wird dabei durch den Agglomerationsgrad der Standortregionen der Unternehmen operationalisiert. Ergebnis ist, daß derartige Netzwerke in Ostdeutschland nur schwach ausgeprägt sind. Überdies ist ein “kritischer“ Agglomerationsgrad, von dem an ein positiver Einfluß auf das Produktivitätsniveau festgestellt werden kann, in Ostdeutschland noch längst nicht erreicht.
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Attribute Dependence and the Provision of Quality
Hans Degryse, Andreas Irmen
Regional Science and Urban Economics,
No. 5,
2001
Abstract
Often a quality improvement necessitates modifications of varietal product features. This paper studies firms’ incentives to provide quality when this decision affects the goods’ degree of perceived horizontal differentiation. We find that the quality level hinges crucially on the interaction between the quality and the varietal product attribute. We examine the outcome of a game where firms decide on quality and price relative to what a social planner would desire. If the interaction between quality and perceived horizontal differentiation is sufficiently positive, we find for the sequential game ‘quality then price’ that the private incentives to provide quality are excessive relative to the social optimum. As a result the level and the direction of interaction between the attributes determines whether there is excessive or insufficient provision of quality.
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Lagging Productivity in the East German Economy: Obstacles to Fast Convergence
Joachim Ragnitz
Externe Publikationen,
2001
Abstract
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