Investment (FDI) Policy for Azerbaijan, Final report
Jutta Günther, Björn Jindra
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
No. 4,
2009
Abstract
The report has been prepared on behalf of the Association for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) as integral part of the “Private Sector Development Program” run by the GTZ in Azerbaijan. A comprehensive investment policy is outlined with particular focus on the possibilities to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) in Azerbaijan’s manufacturing industry (non-oil sector). The report makes particular reference to the experiences with investment policy development in Central and East European transition economies. It touches legal and institutional framework conditions in Azerbaijan as well as possible investment incentives schemes including investment promotion. Major recommendations refer to trade integration within the region, introduction of tax incentives as well as further improvements in business climate. Furthermore, the importance of complementary policies, such as competition and education policy, is stressed.
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29.04.2009 • 28/2009
Gemeinsame Presseerklärung der Projektgruppe Gemeinschaftsdiagnose
Bei der Vorstellung der Frühjahrsprojektion der Bundesregierung am 29. April 2009 deutete Bundeswirtschaftsminister zu Guttenberg an, den an der Gemeinschaftsdiagnose beteiligten Instituten sei bei der Prognose der Lohnentwicklung möglicherweise ein „Rechenfehler“ unterlaufen. Dazu stellen die Institute fest
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A Professor Like Me: The Influence of Instructor Gender on College Achievement
Florian Hoffmann, Philip Oreopoulos
Journal of Human Resources,
No. 2,
2009
Abstract
Many wonder whether teacher gender plays an important role in higher education by influencing student achievement and subject interest. The data used in this paper help identify average effects from male and female college students assigned to male or female teachers. We find instructor gender plays only a minor role in determining college student achievement. Nevertheless, the small effects provide evidence that gender role models matter to some college students. A same-sex instructor increases average grade performance by at most 5 percent of its standard deviation and decreases the likelihood of dropping a class by 1.2 percentage points.
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Editorial
Ulrich Blum
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Themenheft Weltfinanzkrise -
2009
Abstract
Bei den großen staatsphilosophischen Denkern nimmt die Frage der Rechtfertigung des Staates eine bedeutende Rolle ein. Aus ihr definiert sich das Abhängigkeitsverhältnis zwischen Staat und Bürgern – ob zweiseitiger oder Begünstigungsvertrag –, der Machtanspruch des Staates – ob starker oder schwacher Staat –, die Mitbestimmungsrechte – von volonté générale und Etatismus zu volonté particulière und klassischem Liberalismus – bis hin zur Frage, ob die Möglichkeit besteht, den Vertrag zu kündigen – kollektiv oder durch Emigration. Vor etwa einem Jahr ist eine neue Staatsrechtfertigung hinzugetreten. Systemrelevanz: Sie besagt, dass es in der Wirtschaft institutionelle Arrangements gibt, in denen intern alles miteinander verbunden, alles endogen ist und die nach außen nicht ersetzt werden können. Auch wenn solche Arrangements wettbewerblich organisiert sind, kann der Zusammenbruch eines Unternehmens dazu führen, dass nicht nur die anderen Unternehmen innerhalb dieses Arrangements, sondern das gesamte Wirtschaftssystem mitgerissen werden. Die Zerstörung wäre damit vollständig, einzelne Komponenten ließen sich nicht isolieren, in Quarantäne stellen und retten. Der Kollaps wäre total. Sobald also etwas als „systemisch“ identifiziert wird, darf – ja muss – der Staat im Fall einer Krise eingreifen, um deren Bewältigung zu organisieren. Denn die klassischen Instrumente der Wirtschaftspolitik greifen offensichtlich nicht mehr: Eine Neutralisierungspolitik, welche die Folgen für die Betroffenen abmildert – klassisch ist die Zahlung von Arbeitslosenunterstützung – wird unbezahlbar, sobald das Gesamtsystem zusammenbricht. Ein ursachengerechter Eingriff erscheint ebenso nicht denkbar, weil der singuläre Wirkungskanal fehlt. Früher sah man Geld als eine Institution an, die öffentlich zu organisieren war, und die Erfahrung lehrt, dass diese Einschätzung richtig ist. Heute stehen offensichtlich die Finanzinstitutionen im Allgemeinen unter dem Schutz des Staates.
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Why Do Payday Lenders Enter Local Markets? Evidence from Oregon
H. Evren Damar
Review of Industrial Organization,
No. 2,
2009
Abstract
This study analyzes payday lenders’ entry strategies in the state of Oregon in order to look for changes in the nature of the industry and its relationship to traditional financial institutions. The results of fixed-effects logit regressions suggest that payday lenders have started to enter areas already being served by banks. Furthermore, the presence of “incumbent advantage” in entry decisions may also have implications concerning the level of competition in the industry. Finally, since payday lenders also enter areas with large Hispanic populations, it is still possible that payday loans represent the sole source of credit for certain segments of the population.
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Stages of the 2007/2008 Global Financial Crisis: Is there a Wandering Asset Price Bubble?
Lucjan T. Orlowski
Economics E-Journal 43. Munich Personal RePEc Archive 2008,
2009
Abstract
This study identifies five distinctive stages of the current global financial crisis: the meltdown of the subprime mortgage market; spillovers into broader credit market; the liquidity crisis epitomized by the fallout of Northern Rock, Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers with counterparty risk effects on other financial institutions; the commodity price bubble, and the ultimate demise of investment banking in the U.S. The study argues that the severity of the crisis is influenced strongly by changeable allocations of global savings coupled with excessive credit creation, which lead to over-pricing of varied types of assets. The study calls such process a “wandering asset-price bubble“. Unstable allocations elevate market, credit, and liquidity risks. Monetary policy responses aimed at stabilizing financial markets are proposed.
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Globalisierung von Forschung und Entwicklung – der Technologiestandort Deutschland
Jutta Günther, Björn Jindra, Johannes Stephan
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2009
Abstract
Am 11. November 2008 fand am Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) zum zweiten Mal ein innovationspolitischer Workshop statt, diesmal zum Thema „Globalisierung von Forschung und Entwicklung – der Technologiestandort Deutschland“. Die Veranstaltung bildete zugleich einen Bestandteil des vom IWH koordinierten EU-Projekts U-Know („Understanding the Relationship between Knowledge and Competitiveness in the Enlarging EU“), das sich mit einer Reihe innovationsökonomischer Forschungsthemen beschäftigt. Der Workshop hatte zum Ziel, das Thema Globalisierung von Forschung und Entwicklung aus wissenschaftlicher, unternehmerischer und innovationspolitischer Perspektive zu beleuchten und die Position Deutschlands im internationalen Technologiewettbewerb zu diskutieren.
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Are there Gender-specific Preferences for Location Factors? A Grouped Conditional Logit-model of Interregional Migration Flows in Germany
Lutz Schneider, Alexander Kubis
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 5,
2009
Abstract
The article analyses the question whether women and men differ in their tastes for location factors. The question is answered by quantifying the impact of location characteristics on interregional migration flows across Germany. The analysis is based on a grouped conditional logit approach. We augment the framework by controlling for violation of the independence of irrelevant alternatives assumption and for overdispersion. As a result, we find no differences in terms of direction of impact. However, the regressions confirm gender differences in terms of intensity, particularly regarding regional wage levels and the availability of educational institutions.
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The Role of the Intellectual Property Rights Regime for Foreign Investors in Post-Socialist Economies
Benedikt Schnellbächer, Johannes Stephan
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 4,
2009
Abstract
We integrate international business theory on foreign direct investment (FDI) with institutional theory on intellectual property rights (IPR) to explain characteristics and behaviour of foreign investment subsidiaries in Central East Europe, a region with an IPR regime-gap vis-à-vis West European countries. We start from the premise that FDI may play a crucial role for technological catch-up development in Central East Europe via technology and knowledge transfer. By use of a unique dataset generated at the IWH in collaboration with a European consortium in the framework of an EU-project, we assess the role played by the IPR regimes in a selection of CEE countries as a factor for corporate governance and control of foreign invested subsidiaries, for their own technological activity, their trade relationships, and networking partners for technological activity. As a specific novelty to the literature, we assess the in influence of the strength of IPR regimes on corporate control of subsidiaries and conclude that IPR-sensitive foreign investments tend to have lower functional autonomy, tend to cooperate more intensively within their transnational network and yet are still technologically more active than less IPR-sensitive subsidiaries. In terms of economic policy, this leads to the conclusion that the FDI will have a larger developmental impact if the IPR regime in the host economy is sufficiently strict.
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Professor Qualities and Student Achievement
Florian Hoffmann, Philip Oreopoulos
Review of Economics and Statistics,
No. 1,
2009
Abstract
This paper analyzes the importance of teacher quality at the college level. Instructors are matched to objective and subjective characteristics of teacher quality to estimate the impact of rank, salary, and perceived effectiveness on student performance and subject interest. Student and course fixed effects, time of day and week controls, and students' lack of knowledge about first-year instructors help minimize selection biases. Subjective teacher evaluations perform well in measuring instructor influences on students, while objective characteristics such as rank and salary do not. Overall, the importance of college instructor differences is small, but important outliers exist.
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