A Belowground Perspective on the Nexus between Biodiversity Change, Climate Change, and Human Well-being
Michael Koetter, et al.
Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment,
Vol. 3 (2),
2024
Abstract
Soil is central to the complex interplay among biodiversity, climate, and society. This paper examines the interconnectedness of soil biodiversity, climate change, and societal impacts, emphasizing the urgent need for integrated solutions. Human-induced biodiversity loss and climate change intensify environmental degradation, threatening human well-being. Soils, rich in biodiversity and vital for ecosystem function regulation, are highly vulnerable to these pressures, affecting nutrient cycling, soil fertility, and resilience. Soil also crucially regulates climate, influencing energy, water cycles, and carbon storage. Yet, climate change poses significant challenges to soil health and carbon dynamics, amplifying global warming. Integrated approaches are essential, including sustainable land management, policy interventions, technological innovations, and societal engagement. Practices like agroforestry and organic farming improve soil health and mitigate climate impacts. Effective policies and governance are crucial for promoting sustainable practices and soil conservation. Recent technologies aid in monitoring soil biodiversity and implementing sustainable land management. Societal engagement, through education and collective action, is vital for environmental stewardship. By prioritizing interdisciplinary research and addressing key frontiers, scientists can advance understanding of the soil biodiversity–climate change–society nexus, informing strategies for environmental sustainability and social equity.
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27.03.2024 • 10/2024
Joint Economic Forecast 1/2024: Headwinds from Germany and abroad: institutes revise forecast significantly downwards
According to Germany’s five leading economic research institutes, the country’s economy shows cyclical and structural weaknesses. In their spring report, they revised their GDP forecast for the current year significantly downward to 0.1%. In the recent fall report, the figure was still 1.3%. Expectations for the coming year are almost unchanged at 1.4% (previously 1.5%). However, the level of economic activity will then be over 30 billion euros lower due to the current weak phase.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Inflation Concerns and Green Product Consumption: Evidence from a Nationwide Survey and a Framed Field Experiment
Sabrina Jeworrek, Lena Tonzer
Abstract
Promoting green product consumption is one important element in building a sustainable society. Yet green products are usually more costly. In times of high inflation, not only budget constraints but also the fear that prices will continue to rise might dampen green product consumption and, hence, limit the effectiveness of exerted efforts to promote sustainable behaviors. To test this suggestion, we conducted a Germany-wide survey with almost 1,200 respondents, followed by a framed field experiment (N=500) to confirm causality. In the survey, respondents’ stated “green” purchasing behavior is, as to be expected, positively correlated with concerns about climate change. It is also negatively correlated with concerns about future inflation and energy costs, but after controlling for observable characteristics such as income and educational level only the correlation with concerns about future prices remains significant. This result is driven by individuals with below-median environmental attitude. In the framed field experiment, we use the priming method to manipulate the saliency of inflation concerns. Whereas sizably relaxing the budget constraint (i.e., by 50 percent) has no impact on the share of organic products in participants’ baskets, the priming significantly decreases the share of organic products for individuals with below-median environmental attitude, similar to the survey data.
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07.03.2024 • 6/2024
Germany stuck in stagnation ‒ private consumption remains below pre-pandemic levels
Weak consumption and investment in Germany are partly due to inflation-induced losses in real income and declines in energy-intensive production. However, concerns about the competitive strength of the German economy are also weighing on the willingness of private households and companies to spend. In its spring forecast, the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) expects gross domestic product to expand by just 0.2% in 2024, while the forecast for 2025 includes growth of 1.5% (eastern Germany: 0.5% and 1.4%). Last December, the IWH forecast had assumed an increase of 0.5% for Germany in 2024 and of 1.2% for 2025.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Konjunktur aktuell: Deutschland in der Stagnation festgefahren – privater Konsum weiter unter dem Niveau
von vor der Pandemie
Konjunktur aktuell,
No. 1,
2024
Abstract
Zu Beginn des Jahres 2024 zeigen Stimmungsindikatoren etwas aufgehellte Aussichten für die internationale Konjunktur. In Europa dürfte die Dynamik allerdings recht schwach bleiben. Deutschland befindet sich in einer lang anhaltenden Stagnation, die sich bis zum Sommer fortsetzen wird. Für die Zeit danach ist mit einem leichten Anziehen der Konjunktur zu rechnen. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt dürfte im Jahr 2024 um lediglich 0,2% expandieren, für 2025 prognostiziert das IWH einen Zuwachs um 1,5%.
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Engpass Arbeitsmarkt?!
Chance und Risiko für den Strukturwandel in der brandenburgischen Lausitz
Wolfram Berger, Gunther Markwardt, Julia Rettig, Jan Schnellenbach, Mirko Titze, Stefan Zundel
Begleitforschung Strukturwandel (BeForSt), Statusbericht III. BTU Cottbus/IWH,
2024
Abstract
Es entwickelt sich ein neues Ungleichgewicht auf dem Lausitzer Arbeitsmarkt und es werden nicht Arbeitsplätze, sondern Arbeitskräfte fehlen. Die Schwierigkeiten auf dem Arbeitsmarkt betreffen nicht nur die Lausitz, sondern ganz Brandenburg und sie haben bereits eine ganze Reihe von Reaktionen hervorgerufen. Für inländische wie auch für ausländische Arbeitnehmer und Arbeitnehmerinnen sind gute Schulen, ein schneller Termin beim Arzt, eine gute Anbindung an den ÖPNV, ein leistungsstarkes Internet im öffentlichen Raum und andere Leistungen der öffentlichen Hand bedeutsame Aspekte der öffentlichen Fürsorge. Angesichts der Notwendigkeit, knappe Mittel möglichst effizient einzusetzen, und weil die vorhandenen Mittel begrenzt sind, empfiehlt die Begleitforschung Mittel für Projekte der öffentlichen Fürsorge dort komplementär einzusetzen, wo die Ansiedlung neuer Unternehmen, Behörden und Wissenschaftseinrichtungen zu Mehrbedarfen bei der Versorgung führen können.
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Engpass Arbeitsmarkt?!
Chance und Risiko für den Strukturwandel in der brandenburgischen Lausitz
Wolfram Berger, Gunther Markwardt, Julia Rettig, Jan Schnellenbach, Mirko Titze, Stefan Zundel
Begleitforschung Strukturwandel (BeForSt), Policy Brief III. BTU Cottbus/IWH,
2024
Abstract
Mehr als drei Jahre nach Verabschiedung des Strukturstärkungsgesetzes Kohleregionen gewinnt der Strukturwandel in der brandenburgischen Lausitz deutlich an Fahrt. Ziel des vorliegenden Policy Briefs ist es, die Situation auf dem regionalen Arbeitsmarkt zu analysieren, mögliche Arbeitsmarktreserven und deren Umfang zu diskutieren und Handlungsempfehlungen zu skizzieren. Ein wesentliches Resultat der Untersuchung ist, dass die aktuellen Ansiedlungserfolge und Arbeitsplatzankündigungen in Brandenburg nur dann nachhaltig sein werden, wenn es gelingt, genügend Menschen zu finden, die diese Arbeitsplätze auch besetzen.
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12.01.2024 • 2/2024
Green transition and the debt brake: Implications of additional investment for public finances and private consumption in Germany
The German Climate Protection Act stipulates, among other things, that greenhouse gas emissions in Germany are to be reduced by 65% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. The green investments required to achieve this target are likely to amount to around 2.5% of gross domestic product each year. According to the medium-term projection of the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH), the associated additional government spending on public investment and support measures cannot be financed from projected tax revenues. It is therefore to be expected that the tax burden on households will increase and private consumption will be curbed accordingly, if both the current form of the debt brake and the greenhouse gas reduction targets are maintained.
Oliver Holtemöller
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14.12.2023 • 30/2023
Exports and private consumption weak ‒ Germany is waiting for an economic upturn
In the winter of 2023/2024, the German economy is still in a downturn. Parts of industry have lost competitiveness, real incomes have fallen in 2023 due to inflation, and there is uncertainty about the course of fiscal policy. However, rising real incomes and a slight increase in exports should cause a pickup from spring onwards. The Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) expects gross domestic product (GDP) to fall by 0.3% in 2023 and to expand by 0.5% in 2024 (East Germany: +0.5% and +0.7%). In September, the IWH forecast had assumed a decline of 0.5% for Germany in 2023 and expected growth of 0.9% for the coming year.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Grüne Transformation und Schuldenbremse: Implikationen zusätzlicher Investitionen für öffentliche Finanzen und privaten Konsum
Andrej Drygalla, Katja Heinisch, Oliver Holtemöller, Axel Lindner, Alessandro Sardone, Christoph Schult, Birgit Schultz, Götz Zeddies
Konjunktur aktuell,
No. 4,
2023
Abstract
Das deutsche Klimaschutzgesetz sieht unter anderem vor, dass die Treibhausgas-Emissionen in Deutschland bis zum Jahr 2030 um 65% gegenüber dem Jahr 1990 verringert werden. Die damit einhergehende Transformation der Wirtschaft hat weitreichende Konsequenzen für die gesamtwirtschaftliche Entwicklung und die öffentlichen Finanzen. Alles in allem erfordert der Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien für die Klimaschutzziele jährliche Investitionen in der Größenordnung von 2,5% in Relation zum Bruttoinlandsprodukt. Mithilfe eines makroökonomischen Modells kann gezeigt werden, mit welchen gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklungen zu rechnen ist, wenn die Klimaschutzziele eingehalten werden.
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