24.09.2026 • 28/2026
Joint Economic Forecast Autumn 2026: Recovery under structural stress – fiscal policy on slippery ground
The German economy has been recovering since the end of 2025. This recovery, although stronger than expected in spring, remains modest. The leading economic research institutes expect GDP growth of 1.3% for the current year and 1.1% and 0.4% for the following two years, respectively. Compared with the spring forecast, the outlook for 2026 has been revised upward by 0.7 and that for 2027 by 0.2 percentage points. “The economy has developed more robustly than expected. However, the recovery rests on a narrow foundation, as high energy prices and structural problems continue to weigh on economic activity,” says Oliver Holtemöller, Head of Macroeconomic Forecasting at the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH). In the current quarter, low water levels are also temporarily dampening economic activity. The government deficit continues to increase, leading to a growing need for fiscal consolidation.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Smooth and Persistent Forecasts of German GDP: Balancing Accuracy and Stability
Katja Heinisch, Simon van Norden, Marc Wildi
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 1,
2026
Abstract
Forecasts that minimize mean squared forecast error (MSE) often exhibit excessive volatility, limiting their practical applicability. We address this accuracy-smoothness trade-off by introducing a Multivariate Smooth Sign Accuracy (M-SSA) framework, which extracts smoothed components from leading indicators to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and control the forecast volatility and timing. Applied to quarterly German GDP growth, our method yields smoothed forecasts that can improve forecasting accuracy, particularly over medium-term horizons. We find that while smoother forecasts tend to lag slightly around turning points, this can be offset by adjusting the forecast horizon. These findings highlight the practicality of the M-SSA framework for both forecasters and policymakers, especially in settings where forecast revisions or policy adjustments are costly.
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