The Federal Statistical Office has recently released the figures for second quarter GDP and its components. At the same time, the data for the past four years has been revised. This made it necessary to update the existing IWH-forecasts for 2003 and 2004. Stimulated by an improving world economy GDP will not decline this year but merely stagnate. In 2004 the external stimulus will further increase and accounting for the additional working days economic activity will rise by 1.8%. The turnaround at the labour market will not take place before the second half of 2004. Fiscal policy is currently aiming to balance the budget, but so far the government tried to achieve this goal by increasing levies and taxes. In order to maintain the growth potential, a sustainable consolidation, though, should work by means of cutting expenditure. Overall the deficit will be 4.1% and 3.9% of nominal GDP in this and next year, respectively.

In summer 2003 the German economy once again did not overcome the stagnation, which by now lasted three years. Only by the end of this year the German economy will begin to receive stronger support from a then further improved world economy. In the past months both US and European monetary policy have provided sufficient liquidity by lowering interest rates. In the USA, additional support is provided by fiscal policy; tax reductions and rebates increase domestic demand. Overall, Gross Domestic Product in the US will increase by 2.1% this year; in the euro area GDP will merely expand by a modest 0.8%. For Germany one of its key sectors will not be able to lift the economy as usual and GDP, when compared to last year, will only stagnate. Provided by the brought forward tax reform 2000 the coming year will begin with a stimulus to the German economy. The tax reductions, though, will have limited effect on aggregate production, as the increased consumption will not be able to stimulate investment. Accounting for calendar effects GDP in Germany will increase by at least 1% in 2004 compared with this year, but due to several additional working days in 2004, the unadjusted rate of expansion will be 1.7%. No substantial improvements are expected for the job market.

Die Wirtschaft der neuen Bundesländer konnte sich zu Beginn des Jahres 2003 der konjunkturellen Flaute in Deutschland nicht entziehen. Die Industrieproduktion ist nur noch leicht gestiegen, die Bauleistungen sind – auch wegen der harten Wintermonate – deutlich gesunken. Darüber hinaus mussten die Anbieter von Dienstleistungen im ersten Vierteljahr Produktionseinbußen hinnehmen. Der Rückgang der Bautätigkeit dürfte sich allerdings aufgrund der Vorzieheffekte im Zusammenhang mit der angekündigten Kürzung der Eigenheimzulage und den Sondereffekten durch die Beseitigung der Flutschäden vorerst so nicht fortsetzen. Nennenswerte Produktionsanstöße werden jedoch wegen der allgemein gedrückten Nachfrage der Investoren und der privaten Haushalte zunächst nicht ausgelöst werden. Erst mit der erwarteten Belebung der Konjunktur im Ausland und deren Ausstrahlung auf das Inland wird die gesamtwirtschaftliche Produktion in Ostdeutschland wieder anziehen. Dafür spricht die fortgesetzte Verbesserung der Wettbewerbsposition vor allem der Unternehmen des Verarbeitenden Gewerbes. Ihnen ist es in konjunkturell schwierigen Zeiten gelungen, ihre Exportfähigkeit zu erhalten und die Lohnstückkosten weiter unter das Niveau der Wettbewerber – nicht zuletzt aus den alten Bundesländern – zu senken. Unterstützt wurden diese Fortschritte durch einen maßvollen Anstieg der Effektivlöhne, wenngleich die hohen Tarifabschlüsse im Jahr 2002 angetan waren, einen wichtigen Standortvorteil für die Unternehmen in Ostdeutschland zu verspielen....

This forecast updates the IWH Economic Outlook 2003. Amid the threatening war with Iraq, the sharply increased oil prices and the continued Euro appreciation, the economic forecast for Germany is lowered. Gross domestic product is will rise by 0.8% in 2003 and by 2.1% in the following year. Due to the weak economy, the downward pressure on employment continues to increase. Unemployment in 2003 and 2004 will clearly surpass the 4 million mark.

The outlook forecasts the economic developments in the world, the Euro Area and Germany in 2003. A general tendency is given for 2004. The world economy and the US-economy are recovering in 2003 and so are providing positive impulses for the Euro Area. For Germany this impetus from abroad will most likely remain the sole driving force for the revival of economic activity in 2003. Still this external stimulus will not be able to develop its full strength, as the newly restrictive fiscal policy will lower disposable income. At the earliest the economic upturn will gain strength in the summer months. This results in an initially increased burden on the labour market and only in 2004 will a decline in unemployment be observable, albeit at a slow pace. In economic terms, the recent interest rate cut by the ECB should only be able to show modest effects. Fiscal Policy in 2003 will be distinctly restrictive.