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EFN Report Summer 2018: Economic Outlook for the Euro Area in 2018 and 2019

EFN Reports, No. 3, 2018
Abstract
• In summer 2018 the cyclical upswing of the world economy is not over, but it appears to be fragmenting. While economic activity in the European Union has lost steam, the upswing in the US has gained pace, and growth in China appears to be robust. • Markets for commodities as well as for capital are at present strongly affected by political movements: oil prices are more than 50% higher than one year ago, as the US exit from the Iran nuclear deal puts the long run oil supply from Iran at risk, and the strongly expansionary US tax reform explains the rise in US long run interest rates. . • Uncertainties about the future international trade system cause firms to slow down or even reverse the globalization of value chains. As an early consequence, world trade in the second half of 2018 and in 2019 will expand at much slower rates than during 2017. • In the euro area growth slowed in the first quarter 2018, due to weaker investment activity in France and Italy and, more importantly, a fall in exports in all larger euro area economies except Spain. However, the drivers of the upswing such as low interest rates for credit and expanding real incomes will still be supportive in the near future, and fiscal policies will be slighly more expansionary. But a slowdown in world trade will dent export growth as well as corporate profits. All in all, we expect GDP growth in the euro area to go down from 2.4% in 2017 to 2.1% in 2018 and to 1.7% in 2019 – a forecast that will only be realized if damages to the international trade system are limited and if the European sovereign debt crisis does not come back. • While wage inflation has been slowly increasing during the past quarters to about 2%, a clear upwards trend of core consumer price inflation is still not detectable. The recent jump of the headline rate to 1.9% is due to higher oil prices. Our forecasts for 2018 and 2019 are close, although still below, 2%.
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Konjunktur aktuell: Deutscher Aufschwung schwächt sich ab

Konjunktur aktuell, No. 2, 2018
Abstract
Die jüngste Zuspitzung des von der US-Regierung entfachten handelspolitischen Streits bedeutet ein erhebliches Risiko für Welthandel und internationale Konjunktur. Dennoch sind die weltwirtschaftlichen Aussichten weiter recht günstig. Insbesondere für die USA ist wegen der massiven finanzpolitischen Impulse mit kräftigen Zuwachsraten zu rechnen. Allerdings hat sich die Konjunktur im Euroraum seit Jahresanfang deutlich abgeschwächt, und seit Mai dürften Sorgen um den finanzpolitischen Kurs der neuen Regierung in Italien die wirtschaftlichen Erwartungen in Europa zusätzlich drücken.
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14.06.2018 • 14/2018

Current economic outlook: German upswing is slowing down

In summer 2018, the world economy is still rather strong. Dynamics in the euro area, however, have declined markedly, and the cyclical upswing in Germany has almost stalled, due to weaker exports. “Gross domestic product will, according to this forecast, expand by 1.7% in 2018 and by 1.6% in 2019. Growth in East Germany will be about as strong as in Germany as a whole”, says Oliver Holtemöller, head of the Department Macroeconomics and vice president at IWH.

Oliver Holtemöller
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IWH-Flash-Indikator II. Quartal und III. Quartal 2018

Katja Heinisch
IWH Flash Indicator, No. 2, 2018
Abstract
Die deutsche Wirtschaft hat ihr hohes Expansionstempo zuletzt nicht weiter halten können. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) stieg im ersten Quartal 2018 nur noch um 0,3% und damit deutlich langsamer als vom IWH-Flash-Indikator im Februar 2018 prognostiziert. Derzeit deutet der IWH-Flash-Indikator darauf hin, dass das Expansionstempo im Sommerhalbjahr 2018 konstant bleiben wird. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt dürfte auch im zweiten und dritten Quartal 2018 jeweils um 0,3% steigen.
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EFN Report Spring 2018: Economic Outlook for the Euro Area in 2018 and 2019

EFN Reports, No. 2, 2018
Abstract
• The world economy is booming. The global upswing is investment-driven, and since investment goods usually have a large import content, it is no surprise that world trade has been buoyant during winter. The very expansionary US fiscal policy (tax reform and lifting of spending caps) could give an additional shortterm stimulus for the world economy. • However, we forecast world trade to slow down during 2018. The US administration’s announcement of high tariffs on steel and aluminium comes close to triggering a spiral into a broader trade conflict. Moreover, the globalization of value chains has been slowing down since the financial crisis due to the industrial upgrading in China and in other emerging economies that has declined processing trade. In addition, some types of manufacturing jobs have returned to source countries (reshoring) in response to technology innovation and lower labour costs differentials. • The euro area is in the middle of a broad based cyclical upswing. Higher exports and improved expectations have induced firms to invest more into equipment, as capacity utilization has been above average for some time now and is still increasing, and financing costs are very low. However, recent soft indicators, but also industrial production have been surprisingly downbeat, and there was some turbulence in financial markets, which suggests some caution. • The ECB will probably stop its asset purchase program at the end of 2018, but only later in 2019 start raising interest rates. Fiscal policy in the euro area is slightly expansionary this year, and a notable fiscal stimulus in France and in Germany is to be expected for 2019. • Overall, we forecast euro area GDP to expand by 2.2% in 2018 and by 1.6% in 2019. Accelerating wage dynamics will, together with higher price setting powers of firms and the recent increase in oil prices, cause consumer price inflation rising to nearly to 2% in 2019. Uncertainty, is however substantial, as a slight slowdown cannot be ruled out, which would also impact inflation dynamics.
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Germany’s Economic Experts Raise Forecast Slightly: Joint Economic Forecast Spring 2018

Externe Monographien, 2018
Abstract
The German economy continues to boom, but the air is getting thinner. Unused economic capacities are gradually shrinking, leading to a slight loss of economic impetus. The pace of economic expansion nevertheless remains brisk: the upturn in the world economy will continue to stimulate exports; and the domestic economy is also expected to remain buoyant thanks to the exceptionally favourable situation in the labour market. The fiscal measures outlined by Germany’s new government in its coalition agreement can be expected to stimulate demand. Annual average economic output can be expected to rise by 2.2 percent this year and by 2.0 percent in 2019. This represents a 0.2 percentage point increase in the institutes’ assessment of growth in gross domestic product versus their autumn 2017 forecast. Employment will continue to see clear growth, but will be weakened by labour market shortages. At the same time, gross wages can be expected to increase markedly. The inflation rate will also rise gradually from 1.7 percent this year to 1.9 percent in 2019.
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15.03.2018 • 3/2018

Consistently strong economy, but risks are increasing

The global upswing continues in 2018. The German economy is cur-rently in a boom and is increasingly coming up against capacity limits. “According to our forecast, gross domestic product will expand by 2.2% in 2018; the general government surplus will amount to 1.1% in relation to gross domestic product. Economic growth in East Germany is likely to be slightly below the German growth rate”, says Oliver Holtemöller, head of the Department Macroeconomics and IWH vice president.

Oliver Holtemöller
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Konjunktur aktuell: Konjunktur weiter stark, aber Risiken nehmen zu

Konjunktur aktuell, No. 1, 2018
Abstract
Die internationale Konjunktur ist seit Herbst 2016 kräftig, und auch im Jahr 2018 dürfte die Weltwirtschaft deutlich expandieren, nach vorliegender Prognose um 3,3%. Die deutsche Wirtschaft ist derzeit in einer Hochkonjunktur. Allerdings ist zweifelhaft, ob die deutsche Wirtschaft über die Kapazitäten verfügt, um das Tempo des Aufschwungs noch lange durchzuhalten. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt in Deutschland dürfte im Jahr 2018 mit 2,2% noch einmal recht kräftig und im Jahr 2019 mit 1,6% deutlich moderater expandieren. Der Zuwachs der Produktion in Ostdeutschland dürfte im Jahr 2018 mit 2,0% etwas unter dem in Westdeutschland liegen.
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IWH-Flash-Indikator I. Quartal und II. Quartal 2018

Katja Heinisch
IWH Flash Indicator, No. 1, 2018
Abstract
Die deutsche Wirtschaft hat ihr hohes Expansionstempo auch zuletzt weiter halten können. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) stieg im vierten Quartal 2017 – wie vom IWH-Flash-Indikator im November 2017 angezeigt – mit 0,6% fast genauso schnell wie im Vorquartal. Der IWH-Flash-Indikator deutet darauf hin, dass das Expansionstempo im ersten Quartal 2018 noch einmal leicht zulegen wird, im zweiten Quartal 2018 dann jedoch etwas nachlässt. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt dürfte damit im ersten Quartal 2018 um 0,7% und im zweiten Quartal 2018 um 0,4% steigen.
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Regional, Individual and Political Determinants of FOMC Members' Key Macroeconomic Forecasts

Stefan Eichler, Tom Lähner
Journal of Forecasting, No. 1, 2018
Abstract
We study Federal Open Market Committee members' individual forecasts of inflation and unemployment in the period 1992–2004. Our results imply that Governors and Bank presidents forecast differently, with Governors submitting lower inflation and higher unemployment rate forecasts than bank presidents. For Bank presidents we find a regional bias, with higher district unemployment rates being associated with lower inflation and higher unemployment rate forecasts. Bank presidents' regional bias is more pronounced during the year prior to their elections or for nonvoting bank presidents. Career backgrounds or political affiliations also affect individual forecast behavior.
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