25.04.2023 • 11/2023
IWH-Tarif-Check: Kräftige reale Netto-Tariflohnzuwächse für Beschäftigte im öffentlichen Dienst von Bund und Kommunen im Jahr 2023
Die Tarifvertragsparteien des öffentlichen Dienstes von Bund und Kommunen haben sich am vergangenen Wochenende auf einen neuen Tariflohnabschluss mit einer Laufzeit von 24 Monaten geeinigt: Im Juni 2023 erfolgt die Zahlung einer steuer- und sozialversicherungsfreien Inflationsausgleichsprämie in Höhe von 1.240 Euro. Von Juli 2023 bis Februar 2024 gibt es dann nochmals für alle Entgeltgruppen weitere monatliche Zahlungen über 220 Euro im Rahmen der Inflationsausgleichsprämie. Im März 2024 fällt die temporäre Sonderzahlung wieder weg, und ein Sockelbetrag über 200 Euro erhöht die Tarifentgelte. Zusätzlich gibt es dann eine reguläre Gehaltserhöhung über 5,5%. Die Gesamtlohnsteigerung soll mindestens 340 Euro monatlich betragen.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Physical Climate Change and the Sovereign Risk of Emerging Economies
Hannes Böhm
Journal of Economic Structures,
2022
Abstract
I show that rising temperatures can detrimentally affect the sovereign creditworthiness of emerging economies. To this end, I collect long-term monthly temperature data of 54 emerging markets. I calculate a country’s temperature deviation from its historical average, which approximates present-day climate change trends. Running regressions from 1994m1 to 2018m12, I find that higher temperature anomalies lower sovereign bond performances (i.e., increase sovereign risk) significantly for countries that are warmer on average and have lower seasonality. The estimated magnitudes suggest that affected countries likely face significant increases in their sovereign borrowing costs if temperatures continue to rise due to climate change. However, results indicate that stronger institutions can make a country more resilient towards temperature shocks, which holds independent of a country’s climate.
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Institutions and Corporate Reputation: Evidence from Public Debt Markets
Xian Gu, Iftekhar Hasan, Haitian Lu
Journal of Business Ethics,
No. 1,
2023
Abstract
Using data from China’s public debt markets, we study the value of corporate reputation and how it interacts with legal and cultural forces to assure accountability. Exploring lawsuits that change corporate reputation, we find that firms involved in lawsuits experience a decrease in bond values and a tightening of borrowing terms. Using the heterogeneities in legal and social capital environments across Chinese provinces, we find the effects are more pronounced for private firms, firms headquartered in provinces with low legal protections, and firms headquartered in provinces with high social capital. The results show that lawsuits that allege misconduct are associated with reputational penalties and that such penalties serve as substitutes for legal protections and as complements to cultural forces to provide ex post accountability and motivate ex ante trust.
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The Geography of Information: Evidence from the Public Debt Market
Bill Francis, Iftekhar Hasan, Maya Waisman
Journal of Economic Geography,
No. 1,
2023
Abstract
nWe investigate the link between the spatial concentration of firms in large, central metropolitans (i.e. urban agglomeration) and the cost of public corporate debt. Looking at bond issues over the period 1985–2014, we find that bonds issued by companies headquartered in urban agglomerates have lower at-issue yield spreads than bonds issued by firms based in remote, sparsely populated areas. Measures of the count of institutional bondholders in a firm’s vicinity confirm that the spatial cross-sectional variation in bond spreads is driven by the proximity of metropolitan firms to large concentrations of institutional investors. Our results are robust to controls for firm productivity and governance, analyst following, and exogenous shocks to institutional investor attention. The effect of headquarters location on bond spreads is especially pronounced for more difficult to value, speculative-grade bonds, bonds issued by smaller, less visible firms and bonds issued without protective covenants. Overall, we provide evidence that the geographical distribution of firms and investors generates a corresponding distribution of value-relevant, firm-level information that affects its cost of capital.
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IWH Report 2020-2022
One-off Publications,
2023
Abstract
Dossiers, interviews, statements, photos and illustrations in the Annual Report 2020-2022 provide an insight into the wide-ranging research at the Halle Institute.
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Truth Matters. IWH Report 2017-2019
One-off Publications,
2020
Abstract
Who are we? What drives us, and what do we care about? What do we research, and who enables research at IWH? On 104 pages, the IWH report 2017-2019 gives insights into our work, our topics, and about what is going on in our institute.
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Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Groups
Gerhard Riener, Simon Wiederhold
Economics Letters,
No. 3,
2013
Abstract
We show in a laboratory experiment that the same method of group induction carries different behavioral consequences. These heterogeneous treatment effects can be directly related to the quality of the relationship established between the subjects. Our results indicate the importance of manipulation checks in group-formation tasks in economic experiments.
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How Can Skill Mismatch be Measured? New Approaches with PIAAC
Daniela Ackermann-Piek, Anja Perry, Simon Wiederhold
Methods, Data, Analyses,
No. 2,
2014
Abstract
Measuring skill mismatch is problematic, because objective data on an individual skill level are often not available. Recently published data from the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) provide a unique opportunity for gauging the importance of skill mismatch in modern labor markets. This paper systematically compares existing measures of skill mismatch in terms of their implications for labor market outcomes. We also provide a new measure that addresses an important limitation of existing measures, namely, assigning a single competency score to individuals. We find that the importance of skill mismatch for individual earnings differs greatly, depending on the measure of mismatch used.
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Wirtschaftliche Folgen des Gaspreisanstiegs für die deutsche Industrie
Steffen Müller
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2023
Abstract
Die Gaspreise haben sich in Deutschland infolge des Lieferstopps russischen Erdgases deutlich erhöht, mit möglichen Folgen für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der deutschen Industrie. Wir berechnen den Gasverbrauch auf Produktebene für die Zeit vor der Energiekrise mit Hilfe der Mikrodaten der amtlichen Statistik, um zielgenau abschätzen zu können, bei welchen Produkten eine Drosselung der Produktion zur maximalen Gaseinsparung bei minimalen wirtschaftlichen Verlusten führen würde. Die Verwendung von Mikrodaten zeigt, dass die Folgen für Umsatz und Wertschöpfung in der Industrie bei Weitem nicht so negativ ausfallen werden wie von vielen befürchtet.
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