25.07.2012 • 27/2012
Ähnliche Branchen oder Branchenvielfalt? Headquarterfunktionen wichtig für positive regionale Beschäftigungswirkungen
Verbundene Wirtschaftszweige stellen ähnliche und sich ergänzende Produkte her, im Automobilbereich z. B. Motoren, Karosserien, Fahrzeugteile und -zubehör. Die Verbundenheit erleichtert den Austausch von Wissen und erhöht so die Chance, Innovationen und Wachstum hervorzubringen. Das Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) hat diese These für deutsche Regionen empirisch überprüft. Das Ergebnis: Eine starke Verbundenheit von Wirtschaftszweigen wirkt tatsächlich positiv auf das regionale Beschäftigungswachstum – allerdings nur dann, wenn zugleich Führungskräfte in der Region überdurchschnittlich präsent sind. Fehlt das Zusammenspiel von Verbundenheit und Führungsfunktionen – etwa bei einem Mangel an Unternehmens-Headquartern in der Region –, wirkt dies negativ auf das Beschäftigungswachstum.
RLPC: Record Linkage Pre-Cleaning – Technical Documentation of Routines
Wilfried Ehrenfeld
IWH Technical Reports,
No. 2,
2015
Abstract
The primary objective of record linkage is the merger of different data sets on the basis of an unique identifier. The cases at hand are mostly company data sets from databanks with company characteristics (e.g. BvD Amadeus/Dafne), patent data sets (e.g. Patstat or DPMA) and funding data sets (e.g. BMBF funding catalog). These data sets shall be merged on the basis of the company names. Due to the fact that company names have varying notations in different databases - for example the corporate structure – a harmonization and standardization is necessary.
The routines described here implement the record linkage pre-cleaning (RLPC). They are used to create record linkage compatible names (RLName) from given (actor) names (Name). This includes converting special characters to ASCII characters, identifying corporate structures, isolating and separating bracketed expressions. The result is an expression which allows for a comparison with other names. Following this pre-cleaning, record linkage systems can be used to merge several data sets that have been pretreated in the same way.
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Research Explorer – Technical Documentation of Routines
Wilfried Ehrenfeld
IWH Technical Reports,
No. 3,
2015
Abstract
The Research Explorer is a directory of institutes at German universities and non-university research facilities, which is provided by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). It is available for download for free and currently comprises ca. 23,000 entries. Two versions of this directory, which differ with regard to depth and coverage, are available to us. One version comprises 1712 entries, while the other holds over 22,000.
Primary goal of the presented routines is the comparison and complement of these two versions of the Research Explorer. The necessity for this arises from the differences in depth and coverage of the different versions. Furthermore, both versions are incomplete at some points, which means that individual institutions had to be added manually. The resulting data sets of the modified Research Explorer can subsequently be used for the mapping of cooperation relations.
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RegDemo: Preparation and Merger of Actor Data – Technical Documentation of Routines and Datasets
Wilfried Ehrenfeld
IWH Technical Reports,
No. 1,
2015
Abstract
Primary objective of the presented routines is the mapping of cooperative relations of companies, universities, non-university research facilities and other institutions on three levels of innovation activity (joint projects; publications, patents). This includes a) the standardization and merging of the three innovation-related databases (funding catalog (“Förderkatalog”); Web of Knowledge; DPMA patents) and b) linking this combined data pool with the data from the institution data sets Amadeus and Research Explorer by means of record linkage procedures. For this project the merger comprises the six regions considered in the RegDemo project. Spatial planning regions (“Raumordnungsregionen”) are used for delimitation: 501 - Aachen; 513 - Siegen; 602 - Nordhessen (= “Kassel”); 1302 – Mittleres Mecklenburg/Rostock (= “Rostock”); 1401 - Oberes Elbtal/Osterzgebirge (= “Dresden”); 1504 - Magdeburg.
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Friend or Foe? Crowdfunding Versus Credit when Banks are Stressed
Daniel Blaseg, Michael Koetter
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 8,
2015
Abstract
Does bank instability push borrowers to use crowdfunding as a source of external finance? We identify stressed banks and link them to a unique, manually constructed sample of 157 new ventures seeking equity crowdfunding. The sample comprises projects from all German equity crowdfunding platforms since 2011, which we compare with 200 ventures that do not use crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is significantly more likely for new ventures that interact with stressed banks. Innovative funding is thus particularly relevant when conventional financiers are facing crises. But crowdfunded ventures are generally also more opaque and risky than new ventures that do not use crowdfunding.
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Vierteljährliche Konjunkturberichterstattung für das Land Sachsen-Anhalt - Die gesamtwirtschaftliche Lage im 1. Quartal 2015 -
Brigitte Loose, Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Franziska Exß
IWH Online,
No. 6,
2015
Abstract
Nach den vom Arbeitskreis „Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnungen der Länder“ veröffentlichten Zahlen hat das Bruttoinlandsprodukt in Sachsen-Anhalt im Jahr 2014 um 0,4% zugenommen und damit deutlich schwächer als in Deutschland (+1,6%) und auch in Ostdeutschland (+1,4%). Das entspricht weitgehend den vom IWH vorgelegten Schätzungen vom März 2015. Der Jahresverlauf war durch ein schwaches Sommerhalbjahr und einen kräftigen Auftrieb im Schlussquartal geprägt. Die wirtschaftliche Erholung vom Jahresende hat sich allerdings nicht fortgesetzt. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt in Sachsen-Anhalt ist nach den indikatorgestützten Schätzungen des IWH im ersten Quartal des Jahres 2015 um 0,1% geschrumpft. In Deutschland hatte die gesamtwirtschaftliche Produktion nach dem rasanten Jahresendspurt ebenfalls deutlich an Dynamik verloren, sie blieb aber mit knapp 0,3% zu Jahresbeginn immer noch aufwärtsgerichtet.
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Der unvollendete Aufholprozess der ostdeutschen Wirtschaft
Udo Ludwig
Berliner Debatte Initial,
No. 2,
2015
Abstract
Der Aufholprozess der ostdeutschen Wirtschaft kommt seit einem Jahrzehnt kaum noch voran und die Leistungsrückstände in der Gesamtwirtschaft verfestigen sich. Über die seit einiger Zeit diskutierten wirtschaftsstrukturellen Ursachen für diesen Tatbestand hinweg, verortet der Beitrag den eigentlichen Grund für die Stagnation des Aufholprozesses im Verlust des anfangs erzielten Modernisierungsvorsprungs der Wirtschaft am Produktionsapparat und der Produktpalette.
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The Euro Plus Pact: Competitiveness and External Capital Flows in the EU Countries
Hubert Gabrisch, K. Staehr
Journal of Common Market Studies,
No. 3,
2015
Abstract
The Euro Plus Pact was approved by the European Union countries in March 2011. The pact stipulates various measures to strengthen competitiveness with the ultimate aim of preventing accumulation of unsustainable external imbalances. This article uses Granger causality tests to assess the short-term linkages between changes in relative unit labour costs and changes in the current account balance for the period 1995–2011. The main finding is that changes in the current account balance precede changes in relative unit labour costs, while there is no discernible effect in the opposite direction. This suggests that capital flows from the European core to the periphery contributed to the divergence in unit labour costs across Europe prior to the global financial crisis. The results also suggest that the measures to restrain unit labour costs may have only limited effect on the current account balance in the short term.
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Interbank Lending and Distress: Observables, Unobservables, and Network Structure
Ben Craig, Michael Koetter, U. Krüger
Deutsche Bundesbank Discussion Paper, No. 18/2014,
No. 18,
2014
Abstract
We provide empirical evidence on the relevance of systemic risk through the interbank lending channel. We adapt a spatial probit model that allows for correlated error terms in the cross-sectional variation that depend on the measured network connections of the banks. The latter are in our application observed interbank exposures among German bank holding companies during 2001 and 2006. The results clearly indicate significant spillover effects between banks’ probabilities of distress and the financial profiles of connected peers. Better capitalized and managed connections reduce the banks own risk. Higher network centrality reduces the probability of distress, supporting the notion that more complete networks tend to be more stable. Finally, spatial autocorrelation is significant and negative. This last result may indicate too-many-to-fail mechanics such that bank distress is less likely if many peers already experienced distress.
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