Organization of EU Structural Policy in the Years 2007-20013 in Northwestern Germany, ed. by the German National Academy for Spatial Research and Planning
Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Raumforschung und Raumordnung,
No. 2,
2013
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate on the effectiveness and efficiency of EU structural policies. New empiricial results for this discussion are now presented by a research group of the German Academy for Spatial Research and Planning (Akademie für Raumforschung und Raumordnung, ARL) for the institutional settings in the field of interregional support measures in Northwest Germany. The conclusions by the research group for future policies for regional and local economic development policies are not only relevant for Germany’s Northwest Region, but may in general stimulate the academic and public discussion on interregional support policy.
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The Investment Strategies of Sovereign Wealth Funds
Shai B. Bernstein, Josh Lerner, Antoinette Schoar
Journal of Economic Perspectives,
No. 2,
2013
Abstract
Sovereign wealth funds have emerged as major investors in corporate and real resources worldwide. After an overview of their magnitude, we consider the institutional arrangements under which many of the sovereign wealth funds operate. We focus on a specific set of agency problems that is of first-order importance for these funds: that is, the direct involvement of political leaders in the management process. We show that sovereign wealth funds with greater involvement of political leaders in fund management are associated with investment strategies that seem to favor short-term economic policy goals in their respective countries at the expense of longer-term maximization of returns. Sovereign wealth funds face several other issues, like how best to cope with demands for transparency, which can allow others to copy their investment strategies, and how to address the problems that arise with sheer size, like the difficulties of scaling up investment strategies that only work with a smaller value of assets under investment. In the conclusion, we discuss how various approaches cultivated by effective institutional investors worldwide -- from investing in the best people to pioneering new asset classes to compartmentalizing investment activities -- may provide clues as to how sovereign wealth funds might address these issues.
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How does Institutional Setting Affect the Impact of EU Structural Funds on Economic Cohesion? New Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe
Marina Grusevaja, Toralf Pusch
Journal of Common Market Studies,
2012
Abstract
Structural Funds are the main instrument of the EU Cohesion Policy. Their effective use is subject to an ongoing debate in political and scientific circles. European fiscal assistance under this heading should promote economic and social cohesion in the member states of the European Union. Recently the domestic institutional capacity to absorb, to distribute and to invest Structural Funds effectively has become a crucial determinant of the cohesion process and has attracted attention of the scientific community. The aim of this study is to shed light on the effectiveness of Structural Funds in the countries of the first Central and Eastern European enlargement round in 2004. Using regional data for these countries we have a look on the impact of several institutional governance variables on the effectiveness of Structural Funds. In the interpretation of results reference is made to regional economics. Results of the empirical analysis indicate an influence of certain institutional variables on the effectiveness of Structural Funds in the new member states.
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Eurokrise dämpft Konjunktur – Stabilitätsrisiken bleiben hoch: Gemeinschaftsdiagnose Herbst 2012
Dienstleistungsauftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie,
2012
Abstract
Die deutsche Wirtschaft wird durch die Eurokrise belastet. Daher wird die konjunkturelle Expansion vorerst schwach bleiben und erst im Verlauf des kommenden Jahr wieder leicht anziehen. Die Institute prognostizieren eine Zunahme des Bruttoinlandsprodukts um 0,8% für das Jahr 2012 und um 1,0% für das Jahr 2013. Die Lage am Arbeitsmarkt wird sich dabei vorerst noch verschlechtern, die Zahl der Arbeitslosen wird 2013 geringfügig auf 2,9 Millionen steigen. Das Budget des Staates wird sowohl in diesem als auch im kommenden Jahr annähernd ausgeglichen sein. Kritisch sehen die Institute das Programm der EZB, Staatsanleihen von Krisenländern zu kaufen. Damit steigt die Inflationsgefahr.
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The Synchronization of Wage Dynamics across EMU Members: A Test of the Endogeneity Hypothesis
Herbert S. Buscher, Hubert Gabrisch
Empirica,
No. 3,
2012
Abstract
We test the hypothesis of an endogenous currency area for the labor market of the Euro area: has the introduction of a common currency caused wage dynamics to become more synchronized and to be able to cushion for asymmetric shocks? Trade intensity, sector specialization and financial integration are tested for being the driving forces for the endogenous synchronization of wage dynamics. We use regression techniques with instrument variables, and find evidence of persistent asymmetries in nominal wage formation, despite a single currency and monetary policy. We explain the result with more specialization following financial integration, and with still existing differences in wage formation and labor market institutions. We conclude that the euro zone is not endogenous with respect to wage formation. Rather, there are incentives for beggar-thy-neighbor policies in the Euro area.
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Effects of Entrepreneurship Education at Universities
S. Laspita, H. Patzelt, Viktor Slavtchev
Jena Economic Research Papers, Nr. 2012-025,
No. 25,
2012
Abstract
This study analyzes the impact of entrepreneurship education at universities on the intentions of students to become entrepreneurs or self-employed in the short-term (immediately after graduation) and in the long-term (five years after graduation). A difference-in-differences approach is applied that relates changes in entrepreneurial intentions to changes in the attendance of entrepreneurship classes in the same period. To account for a potential bias due to self-selection into entrepreneurship classes, only individuals having no prior entrepreneurial intentions are analyzed. Our results indicate a stimulating effect of entrepreneurship education on students’ intentions to become entrepreneurs or self-employed in the long-term but a discouraging effect on their intentions in the short-term. These results support the conjecture that entrepreneurship education provides more realistic perspectives on what it takes to be an entrepreneur, resulting in ‘sorting’. Overall, the results indicate that entrepreneurship education may improve the quality of labor market matches, the allocation of resources and talent, and increase social welfare. Not distinguishing between short- and long-term intentions may lead to misleading conclusions regarding the economic and social impact of entrepreneurship education.
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Deutsche Konjunktur im Aufwind – Europäische Schuldenkrise schwelt weiter: Gemeinschaftsdiagnose Frühjahr 2012
Dienstleistungsauftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie,
2012
Abstract
Die deutsche Wirtschaft befindet sich nach einem schwachen Winterhalbjahr im Aufwind. Die Institute prognostizieren eine Zunahme des realen Bruttoinlandsprodukts um 0,9 % für das Jahr 2012 und um 2,0 % für das Jahr 2013. Die Lage am Arbeitsmarkt wird sich dabei weiter verbessern und die Zahl der Arbeitslosen auf 2,8 Millionen in 2012 zurückgehen. Die Defizitquote des Staates wird voraussichtlich auf 0,6 % sinken. Da die Verschuldungsquote mit über 80% noch sehr hoch ist, bewerten die Institute das derzeit zu beobachtende Erlahmen der Konsolidierungsanstrengungen kritisch. Die Schulden- und Vertrauenskrise im Euroraum schwelt weiter. Projektionen der Schuldenquoten Italiens, Irlands und Spaniens ergaben, dass in diesen Ländern eine Stabilisierung der Lage nur erreichbar ist, wenn die geplanten Reformen auch tatsächlich greifen und es zu keinem erneuten Vertrauensverlust an den Kapitalmärkten kommt.
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Central Bank, Trade Unions, and Reputation – Is there Room for an Expansionist Manoeuvre in the European Union?
Toralf Pusch, A. Heise
A. Heise (ed.), Market Constellation Research: A Modern Governance Approach to Macroeconomic Policy. Institutionelle und Sozial-Ökonomie, Bd. 19,
2011
Abstract
The objective of this reader is manifold: On the one hand, it intends to establish a new perspective at the policy level named 'market constellations': institutionally embedded systems of macroeconomic governance which are able to explain differences in growth and employment developments. At the polity level, the question raised is whether or not market constellations can be governed and, thus, whether institutions can be created which will provide the incentives necessary for favourable market constellations.
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The Impact of Psychic Distance on Subsidiary Autonomy - Theory and Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries
Gjalt de Jong, D. van Vo, Philipp Marek
Journal of International Management,
2012
Abstract
The key objective of this study is to determine whether or not psychic distance between home and host countries influences the decision-making autonomy of subsidiaries. Theoretical arguments for the relationship between psychic distance and subsidiary autonomy go in both directions with some predicting a negative relationship and others predicting a positive one. We test these conflicting hypotheses with a unique multi-country and multi-industry database reporting survey evidence of 809 subsidiaries located in five Central and Eastern European countries that serve headquarters in 44 different nation states. Psychic distance is a multidimensional construct and measured in terms of linguistic, religious, economic, institutional and geographic distance. The empirical results of 103 country pairs suggest that psychic distance – in terms of religious and economic distance – is positively related to autonomy.
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30.11.2011 • 50/2011
Multinationale Unternehmen in der Russischen Föderation: DFG fördert Forschungskooperation zwischen IWH und Higher School of Economics Moskau
Das Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) hat von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) die Zusage zur Förderung einer wissenschaftlichen Kooperation mit der angesehenen Moskauer Higher School of Economics (HSE) erhalten. Durch die Zusammenarbeit mit einem Hochschulpartner in der wichtigsten osteuropäischen Volkswirtschaft baut das IWH seine Forschungskompetenz im Bereich der Transformationsökonomik aus. Das Kooperationsprojekt wird untersuchen, welche Faktoren für die Standortwahl multinationaler Unternehmen sowie den Technologietransfer in die Russische Föderation entscheidend sind.