Proximity and the Transfer of Academic Knowledge: Evidence from the Spatial Pattern of Industry Collaborations of East German Professors
Viktor Slavtchev
Regional Studies,
No. 5,
2013
Abstract
Proximity and the transfer of academic knowledge: evidence from the spatial pattern of industry collaborations of East German professors, Regional Studies. Universities can stimulate local economic development, particularly due to collaboration with local industry. Against this background, this study analyses when these interactions are local. Previous research suggests that university–industry linkages are mainly local because of tacit knowledge and the importance of physical proximity. This study provides additional evidence that the spatial pattern of university–industry linkages is a result of a complex matching process of appropriate partners. The results indicate that actors' individual and relational characteristics, institutional factors, and the particular type of knowledge play a role in collaboration. Hence, university–industry collaborations might not be local.
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Innovation within the Maritime Cluster of QUÉBEC – Evaluation of a Regional Study in Québec
Sabine Freye
Presses Académiques Francophones,
2013
Abstract
The present analysis is based on the hypothesis that the potential of regional development of an industry or a branch depends on the potential to innovate. There are two research questions: Is the cluster concept applicable for the maritime branch of the maritime region of Québec? Second, whether the branch can become an economic pillar for the maritime region? The study uses data from a regional survey focusing mainly on the internal characteristics of the firms. The results show that most of the enterprises of the sample are small and medium sized firms which innovate less. The data suggest that the characteristics of the maritime branch of the maritime region of Québec do not support the adaption of the concept of Cluster as a strategy of regional development.
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Related Variety, Unrelated Variety and Regional Functions: A spatial panel approach
Matthias Brachert, Alexander Kubis, Mirko Titze
Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography,
2013
Abstract
The paper presents estimates for the impact of related variety, unrelated variety and the functions a region performs in the production process on regional employment growth in Germany. We argue that regions benefit from the existence of related activities that facilitate economic development. Thereby the sole reliance of the related and unrelated variety concept on standard industrial classifications (SIC) remains debatable. We offer estimations for establishing that conceptual progress can be made when the focus of analysis goes beyond solely considering industries. We develop an industry-function based approach of related and unrelated variety and test our hypothesis by the help of spatial panel approach. Our findings suggest that related variety as same as unrelated variety facilitate regional employment growth in Germany. However, the drivers behind these effects do differ. While the positive effect of related variety is driven by high degrees of relatedness in the regional “R&D” and “White-Collar”-functions, the effects of unrelated variety are spurred by “Blue Collar”-functions in this period.
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Internationale FuE-Standorte
Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem Nr. 11-2013,
No. 11,
2013
Abstract
In dieser Schwerpunktstudie wird die Internationalisierung von Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) aus deutscher Perspektive untersucht. Aktuelle Trends wurden auf Basis der internationalen FuE-Statistik identifiziert. Darüber hinaus werden patentbasierte Indikatoren berechnet, die vor allen Dingen zu den Technologiefeldern der erfinderischen Aktivitäten deutscher Unternehmen im Ausland neue Erkenntnisse liefern. Eine mikroökonometrische Analyse gibt Aufschluss über die relevanten Standortfaktoren für ausländische FuE in Deutschland und der EU27. Zusätzlich wurden neue Befragungsdaten zu FuE deutscher Unternehmen an „neuen Standorten“ in Ost- und Mitteleuropa analysiert. Abschließend wurden an Hand eines Datensatzes europäischer multinationaler Unternehmen sowie der Fallstudie eines deutschen Konzerns strategische Faktoren und Managementpraktiken identifiziert, welche den Wissenstransferin multinationalen Unternehmen beeinflussen.
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Exkurs: FuE und Innovation deutscher Unternehmen in Mittel- und Osteuropa – Eine umfragebasierte Analyse
Jutta Günther, Andrea Gauselmann, Björn Jindra
Internationale FuE-Standorte. Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem Nr. 11-2013,
No. 11,
2013
Abstract
Trotz fortschreitender Internationalisierung ist das Gros technologischer Aktivitäten multinationaler Unternehmen in den Konzernzentralen angesiedelt, die sich in den führenden Industrienationen befinden. Allerdings führen multinationale Unternehmen zunehmend Innovationen sowie Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) auch an ausländischen Standorten durch. In diesem Kontext steigt auch die Bedeutung nachholender Ökonomien als Standorte für FuE sowie Innovation. Dies gilt nicht nur für die rasch wachsenden Wirtschaften Chinas und Indiens sondern auch für die mittel- und osteuropäischen Transformationsökonomien in der Europäischen Union.
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Internationalisierung von FuE – Evidenz aus der internationalen Patentstatistik
Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Jutta Günther, Wilfried Ehrenfeld, Christian Schmeißer
Internationale FuE-Standorte. Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem Nr. 11-2013,
No. 11,
2013
Abstract
Die Untersuchung der Internationalisierung von Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) kann gegenüber der Verwendung der FuE-Statistik mit der Analyse von Patentindikatoren ergänzt werden. Ein Vorteil gegenüber der internationalen FuE-Statistik liegt dabei in der Möglichkeit zur Unterscheidung nach technologischen Feldern sowie in der Regionalisierung der Forschungs- bzw. Erfinderaktivitäten auf verschiedenen Ebenen. Insbesondere im Falle der Betrachtung von FuE deutscher Unternehmen im Ausland stehen nur eingeschränkt Daten aus der FuE-Statistik zur Verfügung. So fehlen konsistente Daten zu den Zielländern und den Ziel-branchen der FuE deutscher Unternehmen im Ausland. Daher bieten patentbasierte Indikatoren eine neue und komplementäre Datenquelle, um die FuE-Internationalisierung Deutschlands im Zeitverlauf detailliert zu analysieren.
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Cooperation Events, Ego-Network Characteristics and Firm Innovativeness – Empirical Evidence from the German Laser Industry
Muhamed Kudic, Katja Guhr
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 6,
2013
Abstract
We study how firm innovativeness is related to individual cooperation events and the structure and dynamics of firms’ ego-networks employing a unique panel dataset for the full population of 233 German laser source manufactures between 1990 and 2010. Firm innovativeness is measured by yearly patent applications as well as patent grants with a two year time-lag. Network measures are calculated on the basis of 570 knowledge-related publicly funded R&D alliances. Estimation results from a panel data count model with fixed effects are suggestive of direct innovation effects due to individual cooperation events, but only as long as structural ego-network characteristics are neglected. Innovativeness is robustly related to ego-network size and ego-network brokerage whereas ego-network density reveals some surprising results.
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The Impact of R&D Collaboration Networks on the Performance of Firms and Regions: A Meta-Analysis of the Evidence
Gunnar Pippel
International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations,
No. 4,
2013
Abstract
Innovation is the result of an interactive process. Knowledge-intensive interactions among different partners are associated with a variety of advantages and disadvantages for the actors involved. Therefore, a rich body of literature investigating the impact of R&D collaboration networks on the innovation performance of firms and regions has developed over the last two decades. Those studies come to different results. The aims of this paper are manifold. First, the paper summarizes the results of the relevant literature. Second, a brief overview of the established methods and approaches used in the literature to investigate this research question is given. The third objective is to answer the question whether the achieved results in the literature are predetermined by the employed methods. Finally, relevant gaps for further research are identified. To answer these questions a meta-analysis of the relevant literature is conducted. This study shows that knowledge-intensive interactions have a rather positive impact on the performance of firms and regions. There is also evidence that the employed methods and approaches used in the literature to investigate this research question predetermine the outcome of the research.
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