Prekäre Einkommenslagen ind Deutschland - ein Ost-West-Vergleich 1996-2002
Herbert S. Buscher, Juliane Parys
Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv,
No. 4,
2006
Abstract
The paper investigates the distribution of equivalence-weighted net household income for West and East Germany, covering the period from 1996 to 2002. The data set used is the annual cross section data set “Mikrozensus”. The main issues of the paper are twofold. First, we analyze standard measures of income distributions as well as measures of inequality. Second, we set up a Logit model to explain relative poorness in East and West Germany using Mikrozensus data to capture household characteristics. The main focus in this section deals with the question how different types of forms of living and the number of children will affect the risk of falling into precarious income situations. The results show that the risk of getting poor is higher for families with children as well as for single persons with children.
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Are vendor properies useful indicators to quantify the extent of the default risk
Henry Dannenberg
Risikomanagement im Unternehmen Praxisratgeber für die Einführung und Umsetzung,
2006
Abstract
Für Unternehmen, die ihren Kunden Zahlungsziele einräumen, besteht die Gefahr, daß ein Kunde nach Ablauf der Zahlungsfrist nicht in der Lage ist, die an ihn gestellten Rechnungen zu begleichen. In diesem Fall erleidet der Gläubiger einen Verlust, der unter Umständen die eigene Zahlungsunfähigkeit oder Überschuldung zur Folge haben kann. Um der Gefahr einer eigenen durch den Forderungsverlust bedingten Folgeinsolvenz vorzubeugen, sind von einem Unternehmen hinreichend hohe Reserven in Form von Eigenkapital bzw. Liquidität bereitzustellen, auf die im Schadensfall zurückgegriffen werden kann. Die korrekte Bewertung dieser Reserve ist vor allem unter Allokationsgesichtspunkten interessant. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird anhand einer Unternehmensbefragung unter ostdeutschen Industriebetrieben untersucht, ob aufgrund von bestimmten Eigenschaften eines Unternehmens, das seinen Kunden Zahlungsziele einräumt, Rückschlüsse auf die Höhe der erforderlichen Eigenkapital- bzw. Liquiditätsreserven möglich sind. Die Untersuchung zeigt, daß Merkmale wie Größe, durchschnittlich gewährte Forderungshöhe, Kundenstruktur und Auslandsaktivität gefunden werden können, anhand derer zwischen Unternehmen mit hohen und Unternehmen mit geringen Forderungsausfallrisiken unterschieden werden kann. Dieses Ergebnis deutet darauf hin, daß die Bewertung der erforderlichen Reserven zur Deckung des Forderungsausfallrisikos auf Grundlage von Eigenschaften des zahlungszielgewährenden Unternehmens möglich sind.
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Signaling Currency Crises in South Africa
Tobias Knedlik
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 19,
2006
Abstract
Currency crises episodes of 1996, 1998, and 2001 are used to identify common country specific causes of currency crises in South Africa. The paper identifies crises by the use of an Exchange Market Pressure (EMP) index as introduced by Eichengreen, Rose and Wyplosz (1996). It extends the Signals Approach introduced by Kaminsky and Reinhart (1996, 1998) by developing a composite indicator in order to measure the evolution of currency crisis risk in South Africa. The analysis considers the standard suspects from international currency crises and country specifics as identified by the Myburgh Commission (2002) and current literature as potentially relevant indicators.
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Do House Prices Drive Aggregate Consumption?
Marian Berneburg, Axel Lindner
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 10,
2006
Abstract
In recent times increasing house prices have been credited with a stong positive influence on aggre-gate consumption. But it is questionable in how far higher prices are at all able to lift the purchasing power of the economy as whole: The seller’s profit of a high price, equals the buyer’s loss. But while a positive correlation between house prices and consumption is evident, it is not a sign of irra-tional behaviour by market participants. In fact it seems that both factors are driven by other pa-rameters: the interest rate and expectations about future interest rates and economic activity. For a selection of four developed countries, the follow-ing article tries to give an explanation for the house price developments of the past 15 years. While disregarding country specific risk as well as institutional aspects and demographic factors, a present value caluclation forms the basis for esti-mating a fundamentally justified price movement. Expectations for future rents and discount rates are being proxied by a moving average of past values. It can be observed how interest rate changes and long-run economic growth, two as-pects that clearly also drive private consumption, play a key role here.
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The IWH signals approach: the present potential for a financial crisis in selected Central and East European countries and Turkey
Hubert Gabrisch, Simone Lösel
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 8,
2006
Abstract
The steep increase of oil prices, general threats rooting from Iran’s nuclear program, and doubts about the future policy of important central banks recently caused more uncertainties of investors on international financial markets. This explains the higher volatility and the fall of indices on stock markets including those of some Central and East European countries. International investors could respond with adjustments of their portfolio and trigger off a financial crisis. On this background, the article studies the potential for a financial crises in the region mentioned. The analytical tool is the IWH signals approach. The study concludes that the risk of the outbreak of a financial crisis within the next 18 months is rather unrealistic in most countries. A stable economic policy, high real growth rates, a financial system already robust compared to earlier times of transition, and appropriate exchange rate arrangements protect the countries against speculative attacks and portfolio adjustments. When the composite indicator shows deterioration like in the Baltic countries, it turned out to be negligible. For the Slovak Republic and Slovenia, the composite indicator even improved. A closer look to individual indicators reveals still some problems in the banking sectors of the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary, however, without out major impact on the composite indicator.
This general assessment does not apply to Romania, and, in particular, to Turkey. The composite indicator signals a significant increase of the risk potential for the next 18 months in both countries. There is a considerable need for sound policy action.
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Excess Volatility in European Equity Style Indices - New Evidence
Marian Berneburg
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 16,
2006
Abstract
Are financial markets efficient? One proposition that seems to contradict this is Shiller’s finding of excess volatility in asset prices and its resulting rejection of the discounted cash flow model. This paper replicates Shiller’s approach for a different data set and extends his analysis by testing for a long-run relationship by means of a cointegration analysis. Contrary to previous studies, monthly data for an integrated European stock market is being used, with special attention to equity style investment strategies. On the basis of this analysis’ results, Shiller’s findings seem questionable. While a long-run relationship between prices and dividends can be observed for all equity styles, a certain degree, but to a much smaller extent than in Shiller’s approach, of excess volatility cannot be rejected. But it seems that a further relaxation of Shiller’s assumptions would completely eliminate the finding of an overly strong reaction of prices to changes in dividends. Two interesting side results are, that all three investment styles seem to have equal performance when adjusting for risk, which by itself is an indication for efficiency and that market participants seem to use current dividend payments from one company as an indication for future dividend payments by other firms. Overall the results of this paper lead to the conclusion that efficiency cannot be rejected for an integrated European equity market.
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Signaling currency crises in South Africa
Tobias Knedlik
South African Reserve Bank: Macroeconomic Policy Challenges for South Africa Conference, South African Reserve Bank,
2006
Abstract
Currency crises episodes of 1996, 1998, and 2001 are used to identify common country specific causes of currency crises in South Africa. The paper identifies crises by the use of an Exchange Market Pressure (EMP) index as introduced by Eichengreen, Rose and Wyplosz (1996). It extends the Signals Approach introduced by Kaminsky and Reinhart (1996, 1998) by developing a composite indicator in order to measure the evolution of currency crisis risk in South Africa. The analysis considers the standard suspects from international currency crises and country specifics as identified by the Myburgh Commission (2002) and current literature as potentially relevant indicators.
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Unternehmensbewertung, Rating und Risikobewältigung
Ulrich Blum, Werner Gleißner
Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Technischen Universität Dresden,
2006
Abstract
We inquire into the possibilities to improve the stability of the firms by better managing risk. We propose to directly link risk management to rating, i.e. the ability to meet future financial obligations. Principal elements of rating methodology are discussed against the background of risk management. Next to the rating mark the risk-related requirements for equity become the central measure for risk. Firms must balance the costs of improving their rating against the gains of an improved rating. Risk management is a major driver to improve shareholder value. Risk aggregation is the dominant method that uses information from risk management and synthesizes unique measure of value.
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Risikomanagements als Werttreiber: Volks- und betriebswirtschaftliche Perspektive
Ulrich Blum, Werner Gleißner
Wertorientiertes Management,
2006
Abstract
The article inquires how risk and its management directly influence ther wealth of nations and the performance of enterprises. The sources of wealth, especially trade and externalities, are rellated to risk as is its impact on the economic value of the firm. Fundamental methods to control risk as a method of increasing shareholder value are proposed.
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Business cycle latest: Besides increasing downward risks, the German domestic business cycle puts in a higher gear
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 6,
2006
Abstract
Die deutsche Wirtschaft ist in den ersten Monaten dieses Jahres nach kurzzeitiger Pause auf den Aufschwungpfad zurückgekehrt. Treibende Kraft war die Nachfrage aus dem Ausland. Aber auch die Unternehmen in Deutschland schafften mehr Ausrüstungs- und die privaten Haushalte mehr Konsumgüter als Ende 2005 an. Der Aufschwung entwickelte sich damit auf einer breiten Basis. Seine Stärke blieb jedoch hinter den Erwartungen zurück. Die Expansion der Nachfrage zog eine hohe Dynamik der Importe nach sich. Dies bremste den Produktionsanstieg. Zudem stand die besonders ungünstige Witterung in den Wintermonaten der Entfaltung der Bauaktivitäten im Wege. So fiel der Start im neuen Jahr verhalten aus.
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