Bank Concentration and Retail Interest Rates
S. Corvoisier, Reint E. Gropp
Journal of Banking and Finance,
No. 11,
2002
Abstract
The recent wave of mergers in the euro area raises the question whether the increase in concentration has offset the increase in competition in European banking through deregulation. We test this question by estimating a simple Cournot model of bank pricing. We construct country and product specific measures of bank concentration and find that for loans and demand deposits increasing concentration may have resulted in less competitive pricing by banks, whereas for savings and time deposits, the model is rejected, suggesting increases in contestability and/or efficiency in these markets. Finally, the paper discusses some implications for tests of the effect of concentration on monetary policy transmission.
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Financial fragility and exchange rate arrangements of EU candidate countries
Hubert Gabrisch
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 156,
2002
Abstract
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Rating Agency Actions and the Pricing of Debt and Equity of European Banks: What Can we Infer About Private Sector Monitoring of Bank Soundness?
Reint E. Gropp, A. J. Richards
Economic Notes,
No. 3,
2001
Abstract
The recent consultative papers by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has raised the possibility of an explicit role for external rating agencies in the assessment of the credit risk of banks’ assets, including interbank claims. Any judgement on the merits of this proposal calls for an assessment of the information contained in credit ratings and its relationship to other publicly available information on the financial health of banks and borrowers. We assess this issue via an event study of rating change announcements by leading international rating agencies, focusing on rating changes for European banks for which data on bond and equity prices are available. We find little evidence of announcement effects on bond prices, which may reflect the lack of liquidity in bond markets in Europe during much of our sample period. For equity prices, we find strong effects of ratings changes, although some of our results may suffer from contamination by contemporaneous news events. We also test for pre-announcement and post-announcement effects, but find little evidence of either. Overall, our results suggest that ratings agencies may perform a useful role in summarizing and obtaining non-public information on banks and that monitoring of banks’ risk through bond holders appears to be relatively limited in Europe. The relatively weak monitoring by bondholders casts some doubt on the effectiveness of a subordinated debt requirement as a supervisory tool in the European context, at least until bond markets are more developed.
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Municipal labor market policy - Marshalling yard or escape from public assistance dependency?
Hilmar Schneider
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 11,
2001
Abstract
Due to an increasing fiscal burden by welfare payments, municipalities tend
more and more to initiate employment and training programs under their own
responsibility besides the Federal Labor Agency. However, critics object
that this might predominantly be viewed as an attempt to shift fiscal
burdens to the Federal Labor Agency rather than a policy option towards
labor market integration of low-wage workers. In order to investigate this
issue, the IWH carried out a country-wide survey within twelve
municipalities and rural districts. The sample comprises 200 employable
welfare recipients, among them participants of labor market programs as well
as a reference group of non-participants. The results of the IWH welfare
survey are at best suggesting a moderate success of program participation
with regard to labor market integration. Nevertheless, the programs appear
to be profitable for municipalities, since they succeed in bringing
participants out of welfare dependency. In many cases, however, welfare is
replaced by unemployment support, which means that only the fiscal
responsibility changes. A shortcoming of the results has to be seen in the
fact that municipalities tend to assign especially those people for program
participation, who are already better fitting into requirements of the labor
market. This seriously impairs the comparability of participants and
non-participants. In view of the remarkable amount of expenditures it seems
therefore advisable to put more attention on the effectiveness of the
programs than has been done in the past. This could be achieved by a
stronger orientation towards an experimental design of assignment for
program participation.
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Labor market developments at the former inner-German border – Consequences for the EU's eastern border regions
Franz Barjak
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 4,
2001
Abstract
Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt ausgewählte Entwicklungen auf den Arbeitsmärkten beiderseits der früheren innerdeutschen Grenze. Sie können als exemplarisch hinsichtlich der Konsequenzen einer Grenzöffnung für die regionalen Arbeitsmärkte entlang der derzeitigen EU-Ostgrenze angesehen werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass sich die ehemalige ostdeutsche Grenzregion günstiger, ihre Nachbarregion im Westen dagegen eher ungünstiger entwickelt hat, als die Bundesländer, denen die Regionen zugehören. Dies spiegeln sowohl die Arbeitslosigkeits-und Beschäftigungsdaten als auch die Lohn- und Gehaltsdaten in der Industrie wider. In der Folge dieser Entwicklungen auf den Arbeitsmärkten haben auch die Pendlerbewegungen zwischen den ost- und den westdeutschen Grenzregionen weniger zugenommen als zwischen den Bundesländern. Eine mögliche Ursache für die eher ungünstige Entwicklung auf dem Arbeitsmarkt im westdeutschen Grenzraum könnten ungünstige Standortbedingungen sein, die dazu beigetragen haben, dass Unternehmen nach dem Wegfall der Zonenrandförderung den Raum als Investitionsstandort in geringerem Maße angenommen haben. Dies kommt in einem überdurchschnittlichen Rückgang der Investitionstätigkeit im Grenzraum West im Vergleich zu den Grenzländern zum Ausdruck. Übertragen auf die Situation an den Ostgrenzen der EU lässt sich daraus schließen, dass die Regional- und Strukturpolitik versuchen sollte, die Standortbedingungen zu verbessern, die heutigen EU-Grenzregionen als Integrations- und Kooperationsraum auszubauen und den wirtschaftlichen Aufschwung in den Beitrittsländern zu fördern, damit diese in Zukunft noch mehr Produkte in der EU allgemein und in den Grenzregionen insbesondere nachfragen. Dagegen erscheint eine Beschränkung der Freizügigkeit als wenig geeignet, um negative Arbeitsmarkteffekte abzuwenden.
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Financial crisis and problems yet to solve - Conference proceedings
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 6,
2000
Abstract
Since the beginning of 1997, a currency and/or banking crisis broke out in several transition countries (Bulgaria, Romania, the Czech Republic, Russia, Ukraine). In 1995, Hungary avoided a financial crisis by adjusting properly her macroeconomic policies. Financial markets in transition countries are still small. They gain, however, more and more importance for the entire economy. Part of the countries mentioned are candidates for EU membership. They have to show their ability to stabilize their exchange rates and financial sectors. The fact that overcoming the financial crisis in Asia and Latin America required international assistance (e.g. IMF) underlines the political importance of strategies of preventing such crises in the EU's immediate neighborhood.
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Die Region Halle-Leipzig im Wandel vom Industriestandort zum modernen Dienstleistungsstandort
Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Wirtschaftsstandort Halle,
2000
Abstract
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Foreign banks in economic development: Experiences from the regulated financial system of South Korea
Ralf Müller
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 110,
2000
Abstract
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The Integration of the Central and East European Equity Markets into the International Capital Markets: A Kalman Filter Approach
Thomas Linne
External Publications,
1999
Abstract
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The integration of the Central and East European equity markets into international capital markets
Thomas Linne
Forschungsreihe,
No. 1,
1998
Abstract
In dem Artikel wird die Hypothese untersucht, inwieweit die mittel- und osteuropäischen Aktienmärkte bereits in die internationalen Kapitalmärkte integriert sind. Dabei wird angenommen, daß die Märkte integriert sind, wenn langfristige Gleichgewichtsbeziehungen zwischen den Aktienindizes der jeweiligen Börsen vorliegen. Die Anlyse stützt sich auf bivariate und multivariate Kointegrationsverfahren, um das Verhalten der Aktienmarktindizes von fünf mittel- und osteuropäischen und sieben westlichen Börsen für den Zeitraum von 1990 bis 1997 zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Analyse deuten darauf hin, daß die mittel- und osteuropäischen Aktienmärkte noch nicht so weit in die internationalen Kapitalmärkte integriert sind, wie dies hätte erwartet werden können.
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