Channeling the Iron Ore Super-cycle: The Role of Regional Bank Branch Networks in Emerging Markets
Helge Littke
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 11,
2018
Abstract
The role of the financial system to absorb and to intermediate commodity boom induced windfall gains efficiently presents one of the most pressing issues for developing economies. Using an exogenous increase in iron ore prices in March 2005, I analyse the role of regional bank branch networks in Brazil in reallocating capital from affected to non-affected regions. For the period from March 2004 to March 2006, I find that branches directly exposed to this shock by their geographical location experience an increase in deposit growth in the post-shock period relative to non-affected branches. Given that these deposits are not reinvested locally, I further show that branches located in the non-affected region increase lending growth depending on their indirect exposure to the booming regions via their branch network. Even tough, these results provide evidence against a Dutch Disease type crowding out of the non-iron ore sector, further evidence suggests that this capital reallocation is far from being optimal.
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19.04.2018 • 7/2018
Joint Economic Forecast Spring 2018: Germany’s Economic Experts Raise Forecast Slightly
Berlin, 19 April – Germany’s leading economic experts raised their forecasts for 2018 and 2019 slightly in their Spring Joint Economic Forecast released on Thursday in Berlin. They now expect economic growth of 2.2 percent for this year and 2.0 percent for 2019, versus 2.0 percent and 1.8 percent respectively in their autumn forecast. “The German economy is still booming, but the air is getting thinner as unused capacities are shrinking“, notes Timo Wollmershaeuser, ifo Head of Economic Forecasting. Commenting on the new German government’s economic policy, he adds: “It is precisely when the government’s coffers are full that fiscal policy should reflect the implications of its actions for overall economic stability and the sustainability of public finances. The extension of statutory pension benefits outlined in the coalition agreement runs counter to the idea of sustainability.”
Oliver Holtemöller
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Business Surveys By the Chamber of Industry and Commerce Halle-Dessau and the Economic Development in the Region
Udo Ludwig
T. Brockmeier und U. Ludwig (Hrsg.), Konjunktur. Relevanz von Unternehmensumfragen für Diagnose und Analyse. Universitätsverlag Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale),
2017
Abstract
Do surveys of firms about their business climate reflect their sentiments only or are they also a reliable indicator for the course of the business cycle? Applying the correlation analysis it is shown, that there exists a statistically significant positive relationship only fort he entirety of firms and the producers of industrial goods but not for the individual branches of services.
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The Restructuring of the Agricultural Sector in Eastern Germany
Udo Ludwig
Schneider, Jürgen (Hrsg.): Einigkeit, Recht und Freiheit. 25 Jahre deutsche Wiedervereinigung (1990-2015). Eine ordnungs-theoretische Analyse, Beiträge zur Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte. Band 132.3, Stuttgart,
2017
Abstract
The paper deals with the restructuring of the East German agricultural sector. In terms of macroeconomic indicators it shows how the sector was able to successfully catching up in the economy. It finds that the restructured agricultural enterprises benefit from the modernization of their capital stocks and the economies of scale in the production of plants on large areas. As a result they outdo their competitors in Western Germany in terms of unit labor costs and per capita output.
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Do Local Banking Market Structures Matter for SME Financing and Performance? New Evidence from an Emerging Economy
Iftekhar Hasan, Krzysztof Jackowicz, Oskar Kowalewski, Łukasz Kozłowski
Journal of Banking and Finance,
2017
Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between local banking structures and SMEs’ access to debt and performance. Using a unique dataset on bank branch locations in Poland and firm-, county-, and bank-level data, we conclude that a strong position for local cooperative banks facilitates access to bank financing, lowers financial costs, boosts investments, and favours growth for SMEs. Moreover, counties in which cooperative banks hold a strong position are characterized by a more rapid pace of new firm creation. The opposite effects appear in the majority of cases for local banking markets dominated by foreign-owned banks. Consequently, our findings are important from a policy perspective because they show that foreign bank entry and industry consolidation may raise valid concerns for SME prospects in emerging economies.
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Declining Business Dynamism: What We Know and the Way Forward
Ryan A. Decker, John Haltiwanger, Ron S. Jarmin, Javier Miranda
American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings,
No. 5,
2016
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that the U.S. economy has become less dynamic in recent years. This trend is evident in declining rates of gross job and worker flows as well as declining rates of entrepreneurship and young firm activity, and the trend is pervasive across industries, regions, and firm size classes. We describe the evidence on these changes in the U.S. economy by reviewing existing research. We then describe new empirical facts about the relationship between establishment-level productivity and employment growth, framing our results in terms of canonical models of firm dynamics and suggesting empirically testable potential explanations.
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Financial Integration, Housing, and Economic Volatility
Elena Loutskina, Philip E. Strahan
Journal of Financial Economics,
No. 1,
2015
Abstract
The Great Recession illustrates the sensitivity of the economy to housing. This paper shows that financial integration, fostered by securitization and nationwide branching, amplified the positive effect of housing price shocks on the economy during the 1994–2006 period. We exploit variation in credit supply subsidies across local markets from government-sponsored enterprises to measure housing price changes unrelated to fundamentals. Using this instrument, we find that house price shocks spur economic growth. The effect is larger in localities more financially integrated, through both secondary loan market and bank branch networks. Financial integration thus raised the effect of collateral shocks on local economies, increasing economic volatility.
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The Regional Distribution of Foreign Investment in Russia: Are Russians more Appealing to Multinationals as Consumers or as Natural Resource Holders?
K. Gonchar, Philipp Marek
Economics of Transition and Institutional Change,
No. 4,
2014
Abstract
This article conducts a plant-level study of the factors affecting foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow to a large opening economy endowed with specific factor advantages. We conclude that the distribution of FDI in Russian regions depends on market access and can be most notably described by the knowledge-capital framework. Factor endowments built by natural resources are more successful in explaining the location decisions of export–platform affiliates. The impact of natural resources depends on how the availability of these resources is measured. The results reject the crowding out effects of resource FDI and prove co-location mode, when service investments are attracted to resource-rich regions. Labour cost advantages better explain the preferences of non-trading service affiliates.
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Die wirtschaftliche Leistung im Lichte von Eigentum und Selbstbestimmung der Unternehmen in Posttransformationsökonomien: Beispiel Ostdeutschland
Udo Ludwig, Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaftlicher Aufholprozess und EU-Integration in Mittel- und Osteuropa – das europäische Wachstumsmodell in der Krise? Transformation. Leipziger Beiträge zu Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Bd. 27/28,
2011
Abstract
Die ostdeutsche Industrie erfüllt in starkem Maße Zulieferfunktionen im Wirtschaftskreislauf. Auch hat sich ein großer Teil der Betriebe in auswärtigem Eigentum auf die Herstellung von Produktions- bzw. Vorleistungsgütern spezialisiert. Dies lässt institutionelle Abhängigkeiten von den Mutterunternehmen im Ausland oder im früheren Bundesgebiet vermuten, die sich auch in Leistungsunterschieden zeigen. In der Studie werden die Leistungsunterschiede zwischen den institutionell gegliederten Betriebsgruppen mit bi- und multivariaten statistischen Methoden anhand von Daten des IAB-Betriebspanels untersucht. Es zeigt sich: Ostdeutsche Eigenständler liegen bezüglich der meisten Messgrößen des Leistungsniveaus zurück, holen aber im Hinblick auf die Ertragslage, die Investitionsintensität und die Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen auf. Die Klassifizierungsergebnisse zeigen dabei die Dominanz der Einteilung nach dem Eigentümerstatus. Unter zusätzlicher Berücksichtigung des Betriebsstatus erhöht sich die Trennschärfe zwischen den Gruppen nicht und die erklärenden Variablen sind ähnlich. Allerdings lässt die Kombination von Eigentümer- und Betriebsstatus die Unterschiede vor allem zwischen den Betrieben einheimischer Eigenständler und auswärtiger Niederlassungen erkennen; die auswärtigen Eigenständler nehmen eine mittlere Stellung ein.
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Possible Ways for Developing a Media City: Chances for Newcomer Cities are rather Limited!
Christoph Hornych, Martin T. W. Rosenfeld, Michael Schwartz
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2009
Abstract
Numerous cities try to set up themselves as centres of creative businesses, especially for media industry. Behind such strategies for supporting the local media economy stands the aim to profit from the high share of supra-regional sales in the media economy, from possible image effects as well as – especially in Germany – from the backflow of taxes for public broadcasting. Against this background, the article examines the efficiency of possible instruments for local decision makers to improve the location conditions for the media industry. An analysis of the location preferences of the media industry shows that localization economies as well as urbanization economies have a high importance. Economic measures to generate or strengthen these effects are the attraction of public broadcasting stations, the assignment of subsidies for local film and media producers, the endowment with science facilities and educational institutions which are relevant for media, the establishment of business incubators specialized on media industry, and the development of inter-firm networks and special city districts for the local media industry. Our analysis shows that most of these instruments have only limited impacts. In particular, cities without public broadcasting stations and without educational institutions relevant for the branch probably will not have the chance to become media cities.
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