Kooperation, Vernetzung und Erfolg von Unternehmen - die Biotechnologiebranche
Walter Komar
List Forum für Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik,
No. 2,
2005
Abstract
According to theoretical implications the succes of enterprises benefits from co-operation and integration into networks. Enterprises of the biotechnology sector in particular have a high propensity to build up co-operations. Estimations of the growth of firms using co-operation-based and non-co-operation-based factors as independent variables reveal a significantly positive influence of the propensity of co-operation as well as networking. In this regard scientific institutions and universities located in geographical proximity of firms play an important role. From this analysis it can be generalized and concluded, concerning other industries too, that networks emerge automatically under certain conditions. Nevertheless their creation and development should be encouraged, e.g. by efficiency incentives for public research and education of universities as well as an intensification of co-operation and networking between the scientific and the corporate sector. This can promote the technology and human capital transfer.
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Monetary Policy and Bank Lending in Japan: An Agency-based Approach
Diemo Dietrich
Incentives and Economic Behaviour,
2005
Abstract
This paper studies the incentive effects on Japanese banks of a low interest rate policy by the Bank of Japan. It utilizes a simplified version of an overlapping principal-agent-style model of corporate finance originally developed in Dietrich (2003). This model is dedicated to study the monetary policy transmission mechanism by combining arguments of the broad credit channel and the bank lending channel taking into account that banks need to be provided with incentives to monitor entrepreneurs. We argue that stipulating banks to possess some amount of own capital generate these incentives. We denote this capital requirement to be market based and show that this requirement depends crucially on interest rates. After revealing some shortcomings of the credit crunch hypothesis, we apply this approach to the Japanese economy. As a result, a policy of very low interest rates may not only be inefficient but counterproductive to reactivate a stumbled economy via the usual credit channel.
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Factors accounting for the enactment of a competition law – an empirical analysis
Franz Kronthaler, Johannes Stephan
One-off Publications,
No. 6,
2005
Abstract
The paper is concerned with the factors that account for decisions to enact a national competition law. In a first step, the paper updates and enlarges the existing data bases of countries that have enacted a competition law. The paper then identifies and discusses possible factors that influence the decision to enact a competition law. In a third step, the method of panel-data logit analysis is employed to test a set of hypothesis pertaining to the factors across the time dimension and across countries. The results of this analysis are interpreted in terms of significance and in terms of the sign of their influence on the probability of a country to enact. Given generality of the analysis, the results can shed light on the probability of individual countries, and in particular developing countries, to actually take the step of enactment.
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Wirtschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen Leipzigs
Peter Franz
Leipzig 2020. Europäische Metropole oder mitteldeutsche Provinzperle? - alternative Visionen -, Beiträge des Workshops in Leipzig am 11. Juni 2005,
2005
Abstract
In comparing important economic indicators of several German city regions the economic future of the East German city of Leipzig is discussed . A special feature of the population in this region is the optimistic attitude with regards to the future regional development.
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Property networks of corporations as cause of abusive behaviour – A stock market analysis based on institutional economics
Makram El-Shagi
Applied Financial Economics Letters,
No. 5,
2005
Abstract
The present study deals with the fact that it seems as if executive boards have developed a self-service-mentality concerning the corporations they are meant to manage. The surprise about this is not the attempt of exploitation (rather the opposite would be surprising from an economic point of view) but the apparent absence of sanctions imposed by the owners. This study shows that this behaviour of corporations’ owners is at least to a main part due to the fact, that the reciprocal property of corporations prevents the exercise of certain property rights by the ‘true’ holders.
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Eastern Germany in the process of catching-up: the role of foreign and Western German investors in technological renewal
Jutta Günther, Oliver Gebhardt
Eastern European Economics,
No. 3,
2005
Abstract
Foreign direct investment as a means to support system transformation and the ongoing process of catching-up development has caught researcher’s attention for a number of Central and Eastern European countries. Not much research, however, has been carried out for East Germany in this respect although FDI plays an important role in East Germany too. Descriptive analysis by the use of unique survey data shows that foreign and West German affiliates perform much better with respect to technological capability and labor productivity than domestic companies in East Germany. The results of the regression analysis, however, show that it is not the status of ownership as such that forms a significant determinant of innovativeness in East Germany but rather general firms specific characteristics attached to it such as firm size, export-intensity, technical state of the equipment, and R&D activities. Due to the fact that foreign and West German affiliates perform better with respect to exactly all of these characteristics, they can be considered as a means to support the process of technological renewal and economic development.
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Analysis of statements made in favour of and against the adoption of competition law in developing and transition economies
Johannes Stephan, Franz Kronthaler, Frank Emmert
One-off Publications,
No. 9,
2005
Abstract
The paper is concerned with documenting and assessing statements made by policymakers, opinion formers, and other stakeholders in favour and against the adoption of competition laws with particular reference to transition and developing countries which have not yet enacted these kind of laws. For example, claims that competition enforcement might reduce the inflow of foreign direct investment, or that other policies are successfully used as substitutes for competition law, are assessed. In a first step, the method of generalized analysis structures the list of statements around core issues of common features to make them accessible to further interpretation and assessment. The paper shows that some claims are in fact country or region specific, and specific to the development level of the respective countries. In a second step, the core issues are assessed according to economic and legal criteria. Since the analysis focuses on transition and developing countries, the criteria for economic assessment are predominantly economic growth and development issues, but also include the economic coherency of a set of claims submitted by stakeholders in a given country. The criteria for legal assessment include whether claims are problematic in light of WTO-principles, or are even born out of a political objective which is incompatible with the spirit, if not the letter of WTO-rules.
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East German demographic development and the Financial Equalization Scheme
Joachim Ragnitz
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 3,
2005
Abstract
Die ostdeutschen Länder und Gemeinden sind aufgrund ihrer geringen Steuer- und Finanzkraft in erheblichem Maße von finanziellen Leistungen des Bundes und der westdeutschen Länder abhängig. Vielfach wird erwartet, dass diese Transferabhängigkeit in den kommenden Jahren abnehmen wird. Da insbesondere die Zuweisungen im Rahmen des Länderfinanzausgleichs (einschließlich der Umsatzsteuerverteilung und der Fehlbedarfs-Bundesergänzungszuweisungen) von der weiteren Entwicklung der Wirtschaftsleistung in den neuen Ländern abhängen, wird es hierzu aber nur kommen, wenn der Wachstumsprozess in Ostdeutschland in den nächsten Jahren erheblich an Dynamik zulegt.
Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ausgehend von einer Projektion der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung bis zum Jahre 2020 gezeigt, dass die Chancen für eine bedeutsame Verringerung der Zahlungen an die neuen Länder nicht besonders hoch einzuschätzen sind. Unter den hier getroffenen Annahmen zur Entwicklung von Produktivität und Erwerbsquote wird der Umfang des Länderfinanzausgleichs (einschließlich der damit verbundenen Ausgleichs-systeme) im Untersuchungszeitraum sogar noch leicht zunehmen. Grund hierfür ist, dass die finanziellen Ausgleichssysteme eine weitgehende Nivellierung von Finanzkraftunterschieden zwischen den Ländern vorsehen und die Höhe der Zahlungen deswegen primär vom gesamtdeutschen Wirtschaftswachstum abhängen. Dennoch wird sich die Finanzlage der ostdeutschen Länder und Gemeinden von einem derzeit noch recht komfortablen Niveau deutlich verschlechtern, da gleichzeitig in diesem Zeitraum die Zuweisungen im Rahmen des Solidarpaktes II vollständig abgeschmolzen werden. Hieraus erwächst die Notwendigkeit, neben einer Anpassung der Ausgaben auch die eigenen Bemühungen zur Stärkung der Wachstumskräfte in Ostdeutschland zu erhöhen.
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Stability and Growth Pact: No appropriate Strategy for Consolidation
Kristina vanDeuverden
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2005
Abstract
In the last years public budgets in the EU worsened more an more. Especially when considering the demographic development in western industrial countries and, thus, increasing pressures on public spending, these findings are distressing. Consolidation can either be achieved by a sequence of discretionary policy decisions or be the result of a fiscal rule – whereas the last seems to be predominant. Creating the Stability and Growth Pact the EU decided to establish a fiscal rule. This rule, which apparently has failed to reign in public deficits. So a reforming debate has recently started. The superiority of a rule crucially depends on whether it is well defined and whether it satisfies certain criteria. According to these criteria the Stability and Growth Pact clearly shows weak points. Moreover the proposals now discussed not only show the same weaknesses – they even create new ones and mainly work by reducing requirements. Against this background the IWH again proposes the implementation of a spending path that is superior to the Stability and Growth Path.
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The Role of Regional Knowledge Sources for Innovation – An Empirical Assessment
Michael Fritsch, Viktor Slavtchev
Freiberg Working Papers, Nr. 15-2005,
No. 15,
2005
Abstract
We investigate the contribution of different inputs, particularly different knowledge sources, on regional patenting output in the framework of a knowledge production function. The knowledge sources included are R&D employment, size of public research institutions by field of research (budget), amount of university external research funds from private firms, public departments, German Science Foundation (DFG), and from other sources. The contribution of these knowledge sources is tested systematically on the level of German districts (Kreise) by including the respective information for the particular region and for adjacent regions. One main finding is that the quality of the university research makes some contribution to regional innovation while the mere size of the universities is unimportant. Differences in the effect on innovative output can be found according to academic disciplines and type of university.
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