Regional analysis of East Germany: A comparison of the economic situation of states, districts, and municipalities
Franz Barjak, Peter Franz, Gerhard Heimpold, Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2000
Abstract
A decade after the German unification we look at the extent of economic differentiation within East Germany. This is achieved by help of a set of selected statistical indicators for the years 1991 to 1998. Comparisons are drawn a) between the East German jurisdictions and b) between West and East German jurisdictions. On the federal state (Laender) level it can be shown that each state has developped its own specific economic profile. Brandenburg is characterized by a positive net migration (suburban function for Berlin), relatively low unemployment and high GDP values, but relatively low entrepreneurial activities. Saxony has achieved the lowest unemployment, a good endowment with human capital, modern industrial technology, infrastructure, and entrepreneurial activities. Special features of Thuringia consist of a relatively large number of patent applications and a stable industrial base. The economic state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern is characterized by low industrial investment, negative net migration, and high unemployment. A special feature of this federal state is the intense investmenr in tourist services. Saxony-Anhalt registers the highest decrease in the numbers of industrial workers between 1991 and 1998 and the highest unemployment. On the other side it shows the highest amount of investment, especially in chemical industry and in mineral oil processing.
On the county level four clusters can be identified by means of a cluster analysis: A “cluster of counties with severe economic weaknesses” with a bias in the regions indutrialized in an early stage, a “cluster with a high human capital potential and suburbanization loss” consisting of 21 cities, a “cluster of counties with good economic results” predominantly surrounding the larger cities, and a “cluster of counties with SME growth potential” concentrating in Thuringia and Saxony.
The results at the city level show that the larger cities above 100.000 inhabitants, especially Dresden and Leipzig, do better than the smaller cities. Jena in Thuringia has specialized as a location for R&D, Zwickau in Saxony as a location for the automobile industry. Altogether the economic differences between the East German federal states, counties, and cities still are less pronounced than the degree of differentiation of their West German counterparts.
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Foreign banks in economic development: Experiences from the regulated financial system of South Korea
Ralf Müller
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 110,
2000
Abstract
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Business cycle prospects 1999: Germany's economic upswing takes a dip. Growth in East Germany stronger again
Brigitte Loose, Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Udo Ludwig, Ingrid Haschke, Ruth Grunert, Kristina vanDeuverden, Michael Seifert, Silke Tober, Christian Schumacher
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
1999
Abstract
Mit dem Jahresausblick für 1999 wird die ausführliche Konjunkturprognose von Mitte 1998 für das Jahr 1999 aktualisiert. Zu Beginn der dritten Phase der Europäischen Währungsunion sind die konjunkturellen Rahmenbedingungen überwiegend positiv. Das niedrige Zinsniveau wirkt anregend, die zu erwartenden, im Rahmen des Verteilungsspielraums bleibenden Lohnabschlüsse tragen zum ruhigen Preisklima bei, die Finanzpolitik wirkt nicht mehr restriktiv. Bei zunehmenden binnenwirtschaftlichen Impulsen verstärkt sich die Führungsrolle der Inlandsnachfrage unter den Auftriebskräften 1999. Bei fortgesetztem Produktionsanstieg verbessert sich die Lage am Arbeitsmarkt 1999 weiter, am ersten Arbeitsmarkt allerdings nur in Westdeutschland.
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The economic situation in Russia – Crisis reveals economic policy mistakes (Thirteenth report by DIW Berlin, IfW Kiel and IWH Halle)
Forschungsreihe,
No. 10,
1998
Abstract
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Germany 1998/99 – Domestic demand strengthens economic expansion
Brigitte Loose, Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Udo Ludwig, Ingrid Haschke, Ruth Grunert, Michael Seifert, Silke Tober, Christian Schumacher
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 9,
1998
Abstract
Der Aufsatz analysiert und prognostiziert die konjunkturelle Entwicklung in Deutschland und im Euroraum in ausführlicher Form für das laufende Jahr 1998 und das Folgejahr 1999. Die Impulse aus dem Ausland bleiben im Prognosezeitraum kräftig, auch wenn sie infolge der negativen Auswirkungen, die direkt und indirekt auf den deutschen Export von der Ausbreitung des Krisenherdes in Asien ausgehen, an Stärke verlieren. Die Binnenkonjunktur wird 1998 als Antriebskraft der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Produktion gegenüber der Auslandsnachfrage an Bedeutung gewinnen und im Jahr 1999 in etwa mit ihr gleichziehen. In Ostdeutschland wird dabei die Schwächephase langsam überwunden, so dass im Jahr 1999 hinsichtlich der Wachstumsdynamik fast wieder zu Westdeutschland aufgeschlossen werden kann. Die Kräftigung des konjunkturellen Aufschwungs zeigt auch erste Spuren am Arbeitsmarkt, vor allem in Westdeutschland.
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Innovative Milieux: Advanced Posts of Interpenetration between the Economic System and the Science System
Peter Franz
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 71,
1998
Abstract
A growing number of governments, political parties, and enterprises set the theme „innovation“ on their agenda and join in the global race to more competitive national economies. In this race the concept of the „innovative milieu“ serves as an important point of orientation and as a political target that, on the first glance, seems to be transferable in concrete political measures. A basic feature of innovative milieux is the quick and easy transfer of knowledge to products in demand. This speed-up in the diffusion of knowledge is not only interesting with respect to the economic advantages but also with respect to science. It is the basic thesis of this paper that innovative milieux represent special cases where the economic system and the science system interpenetrate in an extreme way. Empirical findings show that the actors of innovative milieux have a strong cultural proximity to basic attitudes and behavior within the science system. This relates to the institutionalization of trial and error, the reinforcement of exploratory behavior, the flow of information, and to a special mixture of cooperation and competition. An essential feature of innovative milieux derives from the network relations of its actors. These relations have to be balanced a) to the need to create trust and reduce uncertainty, and b) to the need to stay permeable enough for linkages with new actors from outside. With regard to time innovative milieux have to be conceived from an evolutionary perspective. This involves several steps: Development of prerequisites, consolidation, attraction of labor and enterprises from other regions. From the evolutionary perspective, too, possible factors of preventing or accelerating the „entropic death“ (Camagni 1991) of innovative milieux can be discussed. The exceptional character of innovative milieux has consequences for innovation-oriented political strategies. The self-enforcing dynamics of innovative milieux create a tendency to more economic inequality between regions (core-periphery differences). This is contradictory to political strategies in which innovation-oriented policy is applied to reach an offset between prospering and impoverished regions. In many cases a strategy starting from the assumption of an enduring non-innovative milieu seems to be more realistic and more promising. Further on, the new more direct links between enterprises and research institutes question the current shape of technology transfer institutions. Finally the potential effects of the new trend to encourage the entrepreneurship of research staff on the science system are discussed.
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Sunk Costs and Economic Policy
Ulrich Blum, J. Mönius
WiSt - Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium,
No. 1,
1998
Abstract
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Economic prospects - Germany 1998: Expansion stabilized
Brigitte Loose, Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Udo Ludwig, Ingrid Haschke, Ruth Grunert, Michael Seifert, Silke Tober, Christian Schumacher, Martin Snelting
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
1998
Abstract
Mit dem Jahresausblick für 1998 wird die ausführliche Konjunkturprognose von Mitte 1997 für das Jahr 1998 aktualisiert. Der konjunkturelle Aufschwung, der sich im ersten Halbjahr 1997 beschleunigt hatte, setzte sich im weiteren Verlauf des Jahres verlangsamt, aber stetig fort. Im Jahr 1998 wird der Aufschwung in Deutschland an Breite gewinnen. Lediglich die Bauinvestitionen erholen sich noch nicht, alle anderen Bereiche der Binnennachfrage nehmen verstärkt zu. Deutlich expandieren erneut die Exporte, die vor allem von der weiterhin günstigen Weltkonjunktur profitieren.
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The role of real exchange rates in the Central European transformation
Lucjan T. Orlowski
Forschungsreihe,
No. 1,
1998
Abstract
The study eamines the interactions between real exchange rates, current accounts and capital account balances in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic. The empirical investigation leads to a strong endorsement of more flexible exchange rates in the present stage of the economic transformation process of the former socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Exchange rate flexibility allows more independent monetary policies that focus on financing structural adjustments and institutional changes in transition economies. However, the integration process with the European Union and more remote considerations of possible accession to the European Monetary Union will require a gradual move to fixed exchange rates and to an exchangerate-based monetary policy.
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Economic situation and regional policy in the border regions of the new Länder
Franz Barjak
Forschungsreihe,
No. 5,
1997
Abstract
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