Private Equity and Financial Fragility During the Crisis
Shai B. Bernstein, Josh Lerner, Filippo Mezzanotti
Review of Financial Studies,
No. 4,
2019
Abstract
Does private equity (PE) contribute to financial fragility during economic crises? The proliferation of poorly structured transactions during booms may increase the vulnerability of the economy to downturns. During the 2008 crisis, PE-backed companies decreased investments less than did their peers and experienced greater equity and debt inflows, higher asset growth, and increased market share. These effects are especially strong among financially constrained companies and those whose PE investors had more resources at the crisis onset. In a survey, PE firms report being active investors during the crisis and spending more time working with their portfolio companies.
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Monetary Policy Communication: Frameworks and Market Impact
Michael McMahon, Alfred Schipke, Xiang Li
A. Schipke, M. Rodlauer, L. Zhang (eds.), The Future of China's Bond Market. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund,
forthcoming
Abstract
Bond markets are an important conduit of monetary policy signals to the economy. Reforms that improve the functioning of bond markets will hence facilitate macroeconomic management effectiveness. Here communication plays an increasingly important role. Good monetary policy communication is not only important to improve the effectiveness of monetary policy in the first place, but by reducing uncertainty it makes bond markets more attractive for investors, further improving monetary transmission.
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07.03.2019 • 7/2019
German economy will pick up speed only slowly
In winter of 2018/2019, the global economy weakened considerably, mainly due to economic policy risks. In Germany, the economy will pick up speed only slowly. According to IWH spring economic forecast, gross domestic product will increase by 0.5% in 2019. Growth in East Germany will amount to 0.7%.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Konjunktur aktuell: Deutsche Konjunktur nimmt nur langsam wieder Fahrt auf
Konjunktur aktuell,
No. 1,
2019
Abstract
Im Winterhalbjahr 2018/2019 hat sich die Weltkonjunktur deutlich abgekühlt. Allerdings divergiert die Lage zwischen den Regionen erheblich: Der Aufschwung in den USA hat nur wenig an Fahrt verloren, im Euroraum ist er dagegen zum Erliegen gekommen. Auch in China ist die Wirtschaft ins Stocken geraten. Ein wichtiger Grund für die weltwirtschaftliche Schwächephase dürfte in der Unsicherheit darüber liegen, welche Wendung die Streitigkeiten der US-Regierung mit China und der Europäischen Union nehmen. Zudem sind alle Fragen um den Brexit weiterhin offen. In Deutschland hat die gesamtwirtschaftliche Produktion im Schlussquartal 2018 stagniert, nach einem Rückgang um 0,2% im Quartal zuvor. Zur Produktionsschwäche trugen mit dem neuen Abgas-Prüfverfahren für Automobile und dem niedrigen Rheinwasser zwei Sondereffekte bei. Mehr ins Gewicht fällt, dass sich die Auslandsnachfrage, vor allem aus den EU-Partnerländern, verlangsamt hat. Die Unternehmen bauen dennoch weiter Beschäftigung auf. Offensichtlich wird die gegenwärtige Schwächephase vielfach als vorübergehend eingeschätzt. Die Folge ist allerdings ein deutlicher Anstieg der Lohnstückkosten. Auch für das erste Halbjahr 2019 ist wenig mehr als Stagnation zu erwarten. Dennoch dürfte der private Konsum robust expandieren, nicht zuletzt wegen steigender Reallöhne. Zudem stützen die niedrigen Zinsen und eine expansive Finanzpolitik. Das reale Bruttoinlandsprodukt liegt nach vorliegender Prognose im Jahr 2019 um 0,5% höher als im Vorjahr, im Jahr 2020 steigt die Rate auch wegen der höheren Arbeitstagezahl auf 2,0%. Die ostdeutsche Wirtschaft expandiert in diesem Jahr um 0,7% und im Jahr 2020 um 1,7%.
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04.03.2019 • 6/2019
New IWH publication takes stock: “United country – three decades after the Wall came down”
How is Germany’s economy faring 30 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall? A new publication by the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) uses illustrative maps and graphs to show how the Federal Republic has developed compared to other countries and how economic unification has progressed. The publication presents many new findings, including on productivity differences between east and west, urban and rural development, as well as the availability of skilled labour.
Gerhard Heimpold
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11.02.2019 • 3/2019
No-deal Brexit would hit the German labour market particularly hard
The United Kingdom leaving the European Union without a deal would have consequences for international trade and labour markets in many countries, including outside Europe. Calculations by the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) indicate: More than 600,000 jobs may be affected worldwide, but nowhere as many as in Germany.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Produktion und Einkommen im Material Product System (MPS)
Udo Ludwig
R. Mink, K. Voy (Hrsg.), Gesamtwirtschaftliche Einkommensbegriffe. Produktion und Einkommen im sozialpolitischen Kontext. Berliner Beiträge zu den volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen, Band 3. Marburg: Metropolis-Vertrag,
2019
Abstract
The paper analyses the theoretical and socioeconomic background of income categories in the national accounts of centrally planned economies as well as the repercussions on macroeconomic control and development.
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An Evaluation of Early Warning Models for Systemic Banking Crises: Does Machine Learning Improve Predictions?
Johannes Beutel, Sophia List, Gregor von Schweinitz
Abstract
This paper compares the out-of-sample predictive performance of different early warning models for systemic banking crises using a sample of advanced economies covering the past 45 years. We compare a benchmark logit approach to several machine learning approaches recently proposed in the literature. We find that while machine learning methods often attain a very high in-sample fit, they are outperformed by the logit approach in recursive out-of-sample evaluations. This result is robust to the choice of performance measure, crisis definition, preference parameter, and sample length, as well as to using different sets of variables and data transformations. Thus, our paper suggests that further enhancements to machine learning early warning models are needed before they are able to offer a substantial value-added for predicting systemic banking crises. Conventional logit models appear to use the available information already fairly effciently, and would for instance have been able to predict the 2007/2008 financial crisis out-of-sample for many countries. In line with economic intuition, these models identify credit expansions, asset price booms and external imbalances as key predictors of systemic banking crises.
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Banks Response to Higher Capital Requirements: Evidence from a Quasi-natural Experiment
Reint E. Gropp, Thomas Mosk, Steven Ongena, Carlo Wix
Review of Financial Studies,
No. 1,
2019
Abstract
We study the impact of higher capital requirements on banks’ balance sheets and their transmission to the real economy. The 2011 EBA capital exercise is an almost ideal quasi-natural experiment to identify this impact with a difference-in-differences matching estimator. We find that treated banks increase their capital ratios by reducing their risk-weighted assets, not by raising their levels of equity, consistent with debt overhang. Banks reduce lending to corporate and retail customers, resulting in lower asset, investment, and sales growth for firms obtaining a larger share of their bank credit from the treated banks.
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For How Long Do IMF Forecasts of World Economic Growth Stay Up-to-date?
Katja Heinisch, Axel Lindner
Applied Economics Letters,
No. 3,
2019
Abstract
This study analyses the performance of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Economic Outlook output forecasts for the world and for both the advanced economies and the emerging and developing economies. With a focus on the forecast for the current year and the next year, we examine the durability of IMF forecasts, looking at how much time has to pass so that IMF forecasts can be improved by using leading indicators with monthly updates. Using a real-time data set for GDP and for indicators, we find that some simple single-indicator forecasts on the basis of data that are available at higher frequency can significantly outperform the IMF forecasts as soon as the publication of the IMF’s Outlook is only a few months old. In particular, there is an obvious gain using leading indicators from January to March for the forecast of the current year.
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