09.04.2013 • 11/2013
Claudia Buch wird Präsidentin des Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) und Professorin an der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
Professorin Claudia M. Buch hat das Angebot der Präsidentschaft des Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH), verbunden mit einem Lehrstuhl für Volkswirtschaftslehre an der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, zum 1. Juni 2013 angenommen. Der Vorsitzende des Vorstandsrats, Manfred Maas, sagte: „Die Entscheidung von Frau Professor Buch für das IWH ist eine hervorragende Nachricht. Ich habe nach den vorausgegangenen Gesprächen und Meinungsbildern im Vorstandsrat keinerlei Zweifel, dass der Vorstandsrat ihrer Wahl zustimmen wird.“
27.03.2013 • 9/2013
Zunehmende Internationalisierung der Industrieforschung zeugt von dynamischer Entwicklung der Schwellenländer
Die Internationalisierung von Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) nimmt seit vielen Jahren zu. Dabei gewinnen die Schwellenländer, allen voran China, für Unternehmen mit Sitz in Deutschland deutlich an Attraktivität. Dies ermittelte ein Gutachten mit dem Titel „Internationale FuE-Standorte“, welches das Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Deutschen Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin), der Universität St. Gallen (HSG) und der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) vorgelegt hat. Die im Auftrag der Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation (EFI) verfasste Studie zeigt die Entwicklungstrends der Internationalsierung von Forschung und Innovation aus der Perspektive des Standorts Deutschland auf.
Organization of EU Structural Policy in the Years 2007-20013 in Northwestern Germany, ed. by the German National Academy for Spatial Research and Planning
Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Raumforschung und Raumordnung,
No. 2,
2013
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate on the effectiveness and efficiency of EU structural policies. New empiricial results for this discussion are now presented by a research group of the German Academy for Spatial Research and Planning (Akademie für Raumforschung und Raumordnung, ARL) for the institutional settings in the field of interregional support measures in Northwest Germany. The conclusions by the research group for future policies for regional and local economic development policies are not only relevant for Germany’s Northwest Region, but may in general stimulate the academic and public discussion on interregional support policy.
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06.03.2013 • 5/2013
„Sächsischer Technologiebericht 2012“ bescheinigt dem Freistaat Sachsen gute Fortschritte und weiteres Zukunftspotenzial
Das Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH), das Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung (ISI) in Karlsruhe und die Berliner Euronorm GmbH legten heute dem Sächsischen Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst als Auftraggeber den „Sächsischen Technologiebericht 2012“ vor. Der Bericht präsentiert das Innovationsgeschehen im Freistaat Sachsen und prüft dessen Potenziale und Rahmenbedingungen. Dazu werden Indikatoren der Innovationsforschung herangezogen und zu einem Innovationsindex verdichtet. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass Sachsen seine Position im oberen Mittelfeld der deutschen Länder behauptet und in der Vergangenheit kontinuierlich verbessert hat. Der Freistaat Sachsen ist somit in technologischer Hinsicht gut aufgestellt, wenn auch der demographische Wandel mittelfristig noch eine erhebliche Herausforderung darstellen wird.
The Investment Strategies of Sovereign Wealth Funds
Shai B. Bernstein, Josh Lerner, Antoinette Schoar
Journal of Economic Perspectives,
No. 2,
2013
Abstract
Sovereign wealth funds have emerged as major investors in corporate and real resources worldwide. After an overview of their magnitude, we consider the institutional arrangements under which many of the sovereign wealth funds operate. We focus on a specific set of agency problems that is of first-order importance for these funds: that is, the direct involvement of political leaders in the management process. We show that sovereign wealth funds with greater involvement of political leaders in fund management are associated with investment strategies that seem to favor short-term economic policy goals in their respective countries at the expense of longer-term maximization of returns. Sovereign wealth funds face several other issues, like how best to cope with demands for transparency, which can allow others to copy their investment strategies, and how to address the problems that arise with sheer size, like the difficulties of scaling up investment strategies that only work with a smaller value of assets under investment. In the conclusion, we discuss how various approaches cultivated by effective institutional investors worldwide -- from investing in the best people to pioneering new asset classes to compartmentalizing investment activities -- may provide clues as to how sovereign wealth funds might address these issues.
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The GVAR Handbook: Structure and Applications of a Macro Model of the Global Economy for Policy Analysis
Filippo di Mauro, M. Hashem Pesaran
Oxford University Press,
2013
Abstract
The recent crisis has shown yet again how the world economies are globally interlinked, via a complex net of transmission channels. When it comes, however, to build econometric frameworks aimed at analysing such linkages, modellers are faced with what is called the "curse of dimensionality": there far too many parameters to be estimated with respect to the available observations. The GVAR, a VAR based model of the global economy, offers a solution to this problem. The basic model is composed of a large number of country specific models, comprising domestic, foreign and purely global variables. The foreign variables, however, are treated as weakly exogenous. This assumption, which is typically held when empirically tested for virtually all economies - with the notable exception of the US which is treated differently - allows to estimate first the individual country models separately. Only in a second stage country-specific models are simultaneously solved, thus allowing global interactions.This volume presents - for a first time in a compact and rather easy to read format - principles and structure of the basic GVAR model and a number of its many applications and extensions developed in the last few years by a growing literature. Its main objective is to show how powerful the model can be as a tool for forecasting and scenario analysis. The clear modelling structure of the GVAR appeals to policy makers and practitioners as shown by its growing use among major institutions, as well as by econometricians, as shown by the main extensions and applications.
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Grant Dependence, Regulation and the Effects of Formula-based Grant Systems on German Local Governments: A Data Report for Saxony-Anhalt
Peter Haug
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 2,
2013
Abstract
Recent empirical studies have found – seemingly − efficiency-enhancing effects of vertical grants on local public service provision. The main purpose of this paper is to prepare an elaborate theoretical and empirical analysis of these contradictory results. Therefore, it investigates if certain fiscal and institutional conditions (fiscal stress, fiscal rank-preserving vertical grant systems, input- and output regulation), that might help to explain these empirical findings, are characteristic of at least some parts of the local government sector or certain regions. The German state of Saxony-Anhalt is chosen for case study purposes. The main results are: First, the local governments suffer from severe fiscal problems such as high grant dependency, low tax revenues and the prevalent inability to finance investments by own resources. Second, the output- and input-regulation density of certain mandatory municipal services (schools, childcare facilities, fire protection) is high. Finally, the most important vertical grant category for local governments, the formula-based grants (“Schlüsselzuweisungen”), can be described as mainly exogenous, unconditional block grants that in most cases preserve the relative fiscal position of the grant recipients.
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How does Institutional Setting Affect the Impact of EU Structural Funds on Economic Cohesion? New Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe
Marina Grusevaja, Toralf Pusch
Journal of Common Market Studies,
2012
Abstract
Structural Funds are the main instrument of the EU Cohesion Policy. Their effective use is subject to an ongoing debate in political and scientific circles. European fiscal assistance under this heading should promote economic and social cohesion in the member states of the European Union. Recently the domestic institutional capacity to absorb, to distribute and to invest Structural Funds effectively has become a crucial determinant of the cohesion process and has attracted attention of the scientific community. The aim of this study is to shed light on the effectiveness of Structural Funds in the countries of the first Central and Eastern European enlargement round in 2004. Using regional data for these countries we have a look on the impact of several institutional governance variables on the effectiveness of Structural Funds. In the interpretation of results reference is made to regional economics. Results of the empirical analysis indicate an influence of certain institutional variables on the effectiveness of Structural Funds in the new member states.
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Regions as Selection Environments? The Emergence of the Solar Industry in Germany from 1992 to 2008
Matthias Brachert, Christoph Hornych, Peter Franz
European Planning Studies,
No. 11,
2013
Abstract
The spatial evolution of the German solar industry is analysed in the light of the “window of locational opportunity” and the “selection environment” approach. The paper argues that differences in the regions' ability to promote the emergence of local external economies contribute to increasing regional differentiation in the German structure of the industry. Applied empirical methods enclose longitudinal firm entry and network analysis. A special focus is given upon the realignment processes in the science system. Our findings show a relatively rapid spatial concentration of production in eastern Germany since the year 2000. This process is accompanied by intensified networking between firms and between firms and universities as well as research institutes. The responsiveness of regional institutions and the self-organizing capabilities of the solar firms substantiate some propositions of the “selection environment” approach.
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