Economic Stimulus Packages and their Effects – A Simulation with the IWH Macroeconometric Model
Rolf Scheufele
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2009
Abstract
This article deals with the macroeconomic effects of different economic stimulus packages. It evaluates several measures including direct tax cuts, a reduction of the contribution payment to social security, an increase in government spending and a temporary cut of the value added tax rate. Further, the measures of the latest economic stimulus packages are assessed and it is found that their effects on production and employment are only of moderate size.
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Das makroökonometrische Modell des IWH: Eine angebotsseitige Betrachtung
Rolf Scheufele
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 9,
2008
Abstract
This paper describes the IWH macroeconometric model, a quarterly structural model for the German Economy. It focuses on the specification and estimation on supply-side aspects of the model. This approach guarantees a theoretical derived long-run model equilibrium. It combines short-run forecasting requirements with a long-run theoretical foundation. For some macroeconomic aggregates short- and long-run effects of supply- and demand shocks are illustrated. Additionally, effects of external shocks are investigated through model simulations to illustrate aggregate model characteristics.
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Determinants of employment - the macroeconomic view
Christian Dreger, Heinz P. Galler, Ulrich (eds) Walwai
Schriften des IWH,
No. 22,
2005
Abstract
The weak performance of the German labour market over the past years has led to a significant unemployment problem. Currently, on average 4.5 mio. people are without a job contract, and a large part of them are long-term unemployed. A longer period of unemployment reduces their employability and aggravates the problem of social exclusion.
The factors driving the evolution of employment have been recently discussed on the workshop Determinanten der Beschäftigung – die makroökonomische Sicht organized jointly by the IAB, Nuremberg, and the IWH, Halle. The present volume contains the papers and proceedings to the policy oriented workshop held in November 2004, 15-16th. The main focus of the contributions is twofold. First, macroeconomic conditions to stimulate output and employment are considered. Second, the impacts of the increasing tax wedge between labour costs and the take home pay are emphasized. In particular, the role of the contributions to the social security system is investigated.
In his introductory address, Ulrich Walwei (IAB) links the unemployment experience to the modest path of economic growth in Germany. In addition, the low employment intensity of GDP growth and the temporary standstill of the convergence process of the East German economy have contributed to the weak labour market performance. In his analysis, Gebhard Flaig (ifo Institute, München) stresses the importance of relative factor price developments. A higher rate of wage growth leads to a decrease of the employment intensity of production, and correspondingly to an increase of the threshold of employment. Christian Dreger (IWH) discusses the relevance of labour market institutions like employment protection legislation and the structure of the wage bargaining process on the labour market outcome. Compared to the current setting, policies should try to introduce more flexibility in labour markets to improve the employment record. The impact of interest rate shocks on production is examined by the paper of Boris Hofmann (Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt). According to the empirical evidence, monetary policy cannot explain the modest economic performance in Germany. György Barabas and Roland Döhrn (RWI Essen) have simulated the effects of a world trade shock on output and employment. The relationships have been fairly stable over the past years, even in light of the increasing globalization. Income and employment effects of the German tax reform in 2000 are discussed by Peter Haan and Viktor Steiner (DIW Berlin). On the base of a microsimulation model, household gains are determined. Also, a positive relationship between wages and labour supply can be established. Michael Feil und Gerd Zika (IAB) have examined the employment effects of a reduction of the contribution rates to the social security system. To obtain robust results, the analysis is done under alternative financing scenarios and with different macroeconometric models. The impacts of allowances of social security contributions on the incentives to work are discussed by Wolfgang Meister and Wolfgang Ochel (ifo München). According to their study, willingness to work is expected to increase especially at the lower end of the income distribution. The implied loss of contributions could be financed by higher taxes.
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Moderate production and employment effects through rising crude oil prices – A simulation with the macroeconomic IWH model –
Christian Dreger
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 15,
2000
Abstract
In the article the impacts of a rise in oil prices on production and employment are examined. The impacts are carried out by simulation on the grounds of a macroeconometric model. Given various price developments, the effects on production and employment are less pronounced than those in previous crisis. In the worst case scenario, output losses are 0.4 percentage points of the overall growth rate of the economy.
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Incentive effects of unemployment benefits on job searches
Hilmar Schneider, Olaf Fuchs
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 11,
2000
Abstract
Economic theory predicts that an anticipated cut of the replacement ratio in the future affects the search intensity at all dates previous to the cut. This effect is illustrated by simulating the dynamics of the reservation wage for different time profiles of the replacement ratio with a simple calibrated search model.
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Simulation calculations on the effects of a reduction of transfer payments to the New Länder
Joachim Ragnitz, Christian Dreger, Walter Komar, Gerald Müller
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 2,
2000
Abstract
Auf der Basis nachfragebezogener Simulationen mit dem makroökonomischen Modell des IWH wurden die Auswirkungen der Kürzung von Transferleistungen für die neuen Länder nach dem Auslaufen des Solidarpaktes im Jahr 2004 ermittelt. Hauptergebnis dieser Berechnungen ist, dass der kürzungsbedingte Nachfrageausfall für viele Jahre erhebliche Einbußen bei Produktion und Beschäftigung nach sich zöge. Die Simulation der angebotsseitigen Wirkungen zeigt, dass sowohl vom Ausbau der Infrastruktur als auch der Investitionsförderung erhebliche Wachstumsimpulse ausgehen.
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Corporate tax reform: An assessment simulation for East German industrial corporations
Kristina vanDeuverden
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 15,
1999
Abstract
Die sich Ende des Jahres 1999 zunehmend konkretisierenden Regierungspläne zur Reform der Unternehmensbesteuerung werden mit Hilfe einer mikroökonomischen Veranlagungssimulation anhand ostdeutscher Industrieunternehmen untersucht. Die Analyse bezieht sowohl die Unternehmens- als auch die Unternehmerebene, sowohl Kapital- als auch Personengesellschaften ein. Die beabsichtigte Verbreiterung der Bemessungsgrundlage wird berücksichtigt.
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