Income distribution and convergence in transition process - A cross country comparison
Jens Hölscher
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 141,
2001
Abstract
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East German Manufacturing: Strongly differentiated if branches and firms are distinguished
Joachim Ragnitz
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2001
Abstract
The East German manufacturing sector is characterized by a strong differentiation that cannot be seen in aggregate figures. On the basis of highly disaggregated figures that distinguishes by branches and firms as well it is shown that neither in decreasing industries (like the clothing industry) all firms are faced with a decline in production nor in growing industries (like fine mechanics) all establishments can really participate in growth. It is argued that there is still an intensive selection process in the East German economy that will help to reach a higher level of competitiveness.
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Pension Reform in Hungary
Peter Gedeon
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 5,
2000
Abstract
In Hungary social policy reforms in general and the pension reform in particular followed the introduction of the institutions of market economy with a considerable time lag, if at all. Although it was clear from the outset that the communist welfare state could not be sustained, comprehensive institutional reforms in the pension or health care systems were not introduced in the first six years of the postsocialist transition. This uneasiness to reform the social security systems has to do with the contradicting constraints decision makers have to face in the process of systemic change.
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Current trends - Coexistence of growth and shrinking processes in East German economy
Udo Ludwig
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 11,
2000
Abstract
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Environmental policy under product differentiation and asymmetric costs - Does leapfrogging occur and is it worth it?
Jacqueline Rothfels
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 124,
2000
Abstract
This paper studies the influence of environmental policies on environmental quality, domestic firms, and welfare. Point of departure is Porter’s hypothesis that unilateral environmental regulation may enhance the competitiveness of domestic firms. This hypothesis has recently received considerable support in theoretical analyses, especially if imperfectly competitive markets with strategic behavior on behalf of the agents are taken into account. Our work contributes to this literature by explicitely investigating the implications of asymmetric cost structures between a domestic and a foreign firm sector. We use a partial-equilibrium model of vertical product differentiation, where the consumption of a product causes environmental harm. Allowing for differentiated products, the domestic industry can either assume the market leader position or lag behind in terms of the environmental quality of the produced product. Assuming as a benchmark case that the domestic industry lags behind, we investigate the possibility of the government to induce leapfrogging of the domestic firm, i.e. a higher quality produced by the domestic firm after regulation than that of the competitor prior to regulation. It is shown that in the case of a cost advantage for the domestic firm in the production process the imposition of a binding minimum quality standard can serve as a tool to induce leapfrogging. In case of a cost disadvantage the same result can be achieved through an adequate subsidization of quality dependend production costs. Thus, careful regulation enables the domestic firm in both scenarios to better its competitive position against foreign competitors and to earn larger profits. Additionally, environmental quality and welfare can be enhanced.
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Industry sketch: East German metal processing industry
Siegfried Beer
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 7,
2000
Abstract
Die metallverarbeitende Industrie hat sich, gemessen am Produktions- und Beschäftigungsanteil, zum zweitgrößten Industriezweig in Ostdeutschland (nach dem Ernährungsgewerbe) entwickelt. Entscheidend dazu beigetragen haben die Verbesserung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Unternehmen, die hohe Baunachfrage und die dynamische Entwicklung der Kraftfahrzeugproduktion in den neuen Ländern. Mit fast einem Sechstel Anteil am gesamtdeutschen Umsatz ist vor allem der Stahl- und Leichtmetallbau zu einer wirtschaftlich bedeutsamen Größe geworden.
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Border regions in the European integration process – Results of an IWH conference -
Franz Barjak, Gerhard Heimpold
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2000
Abstract
Den Folgen der Integration für die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in Grenzregionen widmete sich eine Tagung des IWH am Beispiel der deutsch-polnischen Grenzregion, in der sich derzeit die Wirkungen der schrittweisen Grenzöffnung mit strukturellen Anpassungsproblemen im Zuge der Transformation überlagern. In der Regionalpolitik erweisen sich vor allem Maßnahmen als integrationsfördernd, die die Barrierewirkungen der Grenzlage beseitigen. Politikmaßnahmen, die dagegen auf Faktorpreisunterschieden und eingeschränkter Faktormobilität aufbauen, z.B. grenznahe oder grenzüberschreitende Gewerbeparks oder Sonderwirtschaftszonen, stehen eigentlich längerfristig dem Integrationsgedanken entgegen.
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Regional analysis of East Germany: A comparison of the economic situation of states, districts, and municipalities
Franz Barjak, Peter Franz, Gerhard Heimpold, Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2000
Abstract
A decade after the German unification we look at the extent of economic differentiation within East Germany. This is achieved by help of a set of selected statistical indicators for the years 1991 to 1998. Comparisons are drawn a) between the East German jurisdictions and b) between West and East German jurisdictions. On the federal state (Laender) level it can be shown that each state has developped its own specific economic profile. Brandenburg is characterized by a positive net migration (suburban function for Berlin), relatively low unemployment and high GDP values, but relatively low entrepreneurial activities. Saxony has achieved the lowest unemployment, a good endowment with human capital, modern industrial technology, infrastructure, and entrepreneurial activities. Special features of Thuringia consist of a relatively large number of patent applications and a stable industrial base. The economic state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern is characterized by low industrial investment, negative net migration, and high unemployment. A special feature of this federal state is the intense investmenr in tourist services. Saxony-Anhalt registers the highest decrease in the numbers of industrial workers between 1991 and 1998 and the highest unemployment. On the other side it shows the highest amount of investment, especially in chemical industry and in mineral oil processing.
On the county level four clusters can be identified by means of a cluster analysis: A “cluster of counties with severe economic weaknesses” with a bias in the regions indutrialized in an early stage, a “cluster with a high human capital potential and suburbanization loss” consisting of 21 cities, a “cluster of counties with good economic results” predominantly surrounding the larger cities, and a “cluster of counties with SME growth potential” concentrating in Thuringia and Saxony.
The results at the city level show that the larger cities above 100.000 inhabitants, especially Dresden and Leipzig, do better than the smaller cities. Jena in Thuringia has specialized as a location for R&D, Zwickau in Saxony as a location for the automobile industry. Altogether the economic differences between the East German federal states, counties, and cities still are less pronounced than the degree of differentiation of their West German counterparts.
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Current trends – Shrinking processes in East German construction industry continue
Siegfried Beer
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 13,
1999
Abstract
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East German business cycle 1999 and 2000: Coexistence of growth and shrinking processes continue in weaker form
Brigitte Loose, Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Udo Ludwig
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 9,
1999
Abstract
Im Aufsatz wird die Entwicklung in Ostdeutschland ex-post bis 1998 analysiert und für die Jahre 1999 und 2000 wird eine Prognose abgegeben. In ausführlicher Form werden die Wachstumschancen und Probleme der großen Wirtschaftsbereiche “Verarbeitendes Gewerbe“ und “Baugewerbe“ dargestellt. Aufgrund der Spaltung der Entwicklung zwischen diesen beiden Wirtschaftsbereichen kommt der seit 1997 ins Stocken geratene Aufholprozess im Prognosezeitraum noch nicht wieder in Gang, da auch die Produktion im früheren Bundesgebiet mindestens in ähnlich starkem Maße anziehen wird.
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