Eine flexible Ländersteuer bei einem hohen Ausgleich von Finanzkraftunterschieden
Martin Altemeyer-Bartscher
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 6,
2014
Abstract
Am Ende des Jahres 2019 tritt das Finanzausgleichsgesetz außer Kraft. Im Zuge dessen ergibt sich eine historische Chance, die Reibungsverluste im gegenwärtigen Ausgleichssystem durch eine Neuordnung der Bund-Länder-Finanzbeziehungen zu verringern. Ein aktuell viel diskutierter Vorschlag sieht eine flexible Ländersteuer vor. In diesem Beitrag wird analysiert, welche Auswirkungen eine solche erweiterte Steuerautonomie für die Bundesländer hätte und welche Möglichkeiten sich diesbezüglich für eine anreizfreundliche Neugestaltung des Finanzausgleichs mit hoher Ausgleichsintensität ergeben würden.
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What Can We Learn from Bargaining Models about Union Power? The Decline in Union Power in Germany, 1992–2009
Boris Hirsch, Claus Schnabel
Manchester School,
No. 3,
2014
Abstract
Building on the right-to-manage model of collective bargaining, this paper tries to infer union power from the observed results in wage setting. It derives a time-varying indicator of union strength taking account of taxation, unemployment benefits, and the labour market situation and confronts this indicator with annual data for Germany. The results show that union power did not change much from 1992 to 2002 but fell markedly (by about one-third) from 2002 to 2007 in the aftermath of substantial labour market reforms.
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Do Better Capitalized Banks Lend Less? Long-run Panel Evidence from Germany
Claudia M. Buch, Esteban Prieto
International Finance,
No. 1,
2014
Abstract
Higher capital features prominently in proposals for regulatory reform. But how does increased bank capital affect business loans? The real costs of increased bank capital in terms of reduced loans are widely believed to be substantial. But the negative real-sector implications need not be severe. In this paper, we take a long-run perspective by analysing the link between the capitalization of the banking sector and bank loans using panel cointegration models. We study the evolution of the German economy for the past 44 years. Higher bank capital tends to be associated with higher business loan volume, and we find no evidence for a negative effect. This result holds both for pooled regressions as well as for the individual banking groups in Germany.
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Fiscal Equalization, Tax Salience, and Tax Competition
Martin Altemeyer-Bartscher
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 3,
2014
Abstract
Jurisdictions that engage in inter-regional tax competition usually try to attenuate competitive pressures by substituting salient tax instruments with hidden ones. On this effect, we investigate the efficiency consequences of inter-regional tax competition and fiscal equalization in a federal system when taxpayers fail to optimally react on shrouded attributes of local tax policy. If the statuary tax rate is a relatively salient instrument and taxpayers pay low attention to the quality and the frequency of tax enforcement, the underlying substitution of tax instruments with the aim of reducing the perceived tax price may suppress the under-exploitation of tax bases that is typically triggered by fiscal equalization.
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Macroeconomic Policy Formation in Africa - General Issues
Karl Wohlmuth, Achim Gutowski, M. Kandil, Tobias Knedlik, O. O. Uzor
African Development Perspectives Yearbook, Vol. 16,
2014
Abstract
In Volume 16 with the title “Macroeconomic Policy Formation in Africa - General Issues“ new macroeconomic policy frameworks for Africa are discussed. Emphasis is on macroeconomic policies focusing on sustainable and inclusive growth, especially by considering the employment targeting of macroeconomic policy frameworks in Africa. The responses of the macroeconomic policymakers in Africa to the Euro crisis and to the recent globalization trends are reviewed and analyzed. The role of macroeconomic policies for generating sustainable and inclusive growth is also discussed. In Volume 16 also the economics of the “Arab Spring“ countries is analyzed, by focusing on the socioeconomic conditions and the economic policy factors that have led to the “Arab Spring“ events. Highlighted are the cases of Egypt and Tunisia, and the new strategic and policy frameworks in these countries after the democratic changes. An agenda for comprehensive policy reforms for the Arab countries in Africa is presented. In forthcoming Volume 17 with the title “Macroeconomic Policy Formation in Africa - Country Cases“ macroeconomic policies in African post-conflict countries and in the ECOWAS region are considered. Volume 17 contains also a section with Book Reviews and Book Notes.
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Festakt zur Amtseinführung der Präsidentin Prof. Dr. Claudia M. Buch
Tobias Henning, Tobias Henning
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 4,
2013
Abstract
Im Rahmen eines Festaktes im historischen großen Saal des Stadthauses der Stadt Halle (Saale) wurde Professorin Claudia M. Buch am 4. Juli 2013 feierlich in ihr Amt als Präsidentin des IWH eingeführt.
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20.06.2013 • 25/2013
Podiumsdiskussion: Brauchen wir eine Reform des Länderfinanzausgleichs?
Das gegenwärtige Finanzausgleichssystem gerät immer wieder in die Kritik, Bayern und Hessen klagen sogar dagegen. Andererseits sind die Bundesländer auf einen leistungsfähigen Länderfinanzausgleich angewiesen, um sich den großen finanzpolitischen Herausforderungen (demographischer Wandel, Ausgleich der öffentlichen Haushalte, globaler Wettbewerb) erfolgreich stellen zu können. Das IWH lädt daher zur 12. Langen Nacht der Wissenschaften Ökonomen und Politiker ein, gemeinsam über die Zukunft des Länderfinanzausgleichs zu diskutieren.
Martin Altemeyer-Bartscher
A Macroeconomist’s View on EU Governance Reform: Why and How to Establish Policy Coordination?
Hubert Gabrisch
Economic Annals,
No. 191,
2011
Abstract
This paper discusses the need for macroeconomic policy coordination in the E(M)U. Coordination of national policies with cross-border effects does not exist at the macroeconomic level, although requested by the EU Treaty. The need for coordination stems from current account imbalances, which origin in market-induced capital flows, destabilizing the real exchange rates between low and high wage countries. The recent attempts of the Commission and the European Council to reform E(M)U governance do not address this problem and thus remain incapable to protect against future instability.
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