Die Gestaltung der Wirtschaftsstruktur durch das Land Brandenburg - Eine kritische Analyse der Subventionszahlungen für die CargoLifter AG
Mirko Titze
Forum der Forschung. Wissenschaftsmagazin der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität Cottbus,
No. 17,
2004
Abstract
The Government of the State of Brandenburg subsidised the company CargoLifter AG on the basis of the „new industrial policy“. Following this policy the government supports individually selected industries or companies. The „new industrial policy“ is supported by the strategic trade policy, which states that subsidising domestic companies in incomplete markets with declining average costs and high entry barriers can increase the welfare level of a particular region. The following article provides an analysis whether in the case of Cargo-Lifter the Government of the State of Brandenburg pursued an effective strategic trade policy. Moreover the article investigates particular problems of the strategic trade policy.
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Vertical Intra-industry Trade between EU and Accession Countries
Hubert Gabrisch
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 12,
2006
Abstract
The paper analyses vertical intra-industry trade between EU and Accession countries, and concentrates on two country-specific determinants: Differences in personal income distribution and in technology. Both determinants have a strong link to national policies and to cross-border investment flows. In contrast to most other studies, income distribution is not seen as time-invariant variable, but as changing over time. What is new is also that differences in technology are tested in comparison with cost advantages from capital/labour ratios. The study applies panel estimation techniques with GLS. Results show country-pair fixed effects to be of high relevance for explaining vertical intraindustry trade. In addition, bilateral differences in personal income distribution and their changes are positive related to vertical intra-industry trade in this special regional integration framework; hence, distributional effects of policies matter. Also, technology differences turn out to be positively correlated with vertical intra-industry trade. However, the cost variable (here: relative GDP per capita) shows no clear picture, particularly not in combination with the technology variable.
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Vernetzung und einzelwirtschaftliche Effekte von Unternehmen der Kunststoff- und Biotechnologiebranche in Mitteldeutschland - eine Analyse am Beispiel der Clusterinitiativen „Chemie/Kunststoffe“ und „Biotechnologie/Life Sciences“
Walter Komar
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 2,
2006
Abstract
According to theoretical implications the success of enterprises benefits from co-operation in clusters and networks. Studies of cluster and network processes show this for the industries chemistry/plastics and biotechnology/Life Sciences in Central Ger-many. Therefore enterprises which are organized in networks have better economic characteristics. Estimations of the productivity of firms using co-operation-based and non-co-operation-based factors as independent variables reveal a significantly positive influence of the propensity to co-operate as well as networking. In this regard scientific institutions and universities located in the region of firms play an important role. From this analysis it can be generalized and concluded, also concerning other industries, that networks emerge automatically under certain conditions. Nevertheless their creation and development should be encouraged, e.g. by efficiency strengthening of public research and university education as well as the intensification of co-operation and networking between the scientific and the corporate sector. This can promote the technology and human capital transfer.
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A method to evaluate peripheral retail locations considering as example the shopping area ‘Nova Eventis’
Alexander Kubis, Maria Hartmann
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 6,
2006
Abstract
Der Strukturwandel im Einzelhandelsbereich führt zur Entstehung peripherer großflächiger Einzelhandelszentren. Deren Genehmigungsfähigkeit bedingt die Notwendigkeit einer sachlichen Prüfung ökonomischer Auswirkungen potentieller (neuer) Standorte. Mit diesem Beitrag wird eine geeignete Methodik zur Beantwortung dieser Problematik vorgestellt. Das entsprechende Vorgehen, das auf einem probabilistischen Gravitationsmodell beruht, wird eingehend am Beispiel einer Analyse für den Standort Nova Eventis in der Region Halle-Leipzig illustriert. Die empirische Basis stellen 1. eine Erhebung der Einzugsbereiche mittels „Licence Plate Analysis“ (PKW-Erhebung), 2. die einzelhandelsrelevanten Kaufkraft (GfK), 3. eine Distanzmatrix zwischen Kauf- und Wohnorten sowie 4. Angaben der Verkaufsfläche und absoluten Besucherzahl der einzelnen peripheren Einkaufszentren der Region dar. Aus der Analyse wird deutlich, daß die Lage (Distanz vom Kunden) und Größe (Verkaufsfläche) entscheidende Determinanten für die Einkaufswahrscheinlichkeit sind. Unter den gesetzten Annahmen kann ein Kaufkraftabfluß von rund 250 Mio. Euro p. a. aus den umliegenden Landkeisen nach Nova Eventis bestimmt werden. Mit der im Beitrag vorgestellten allgemeinen Methode wird die Möglichkeit eröffnet, ökonomische Auswirkungen der Ansiedlung peripherer Einzelhandelsstätten hinsichtlich der Verlagerung von Kaufkraftflüssen zu prognostizieren. Ausgehend von der Analyse der Kaufkraftströme der bereits bestehenden Einzelhandelsstätten wird auf die Auswirkungen des potentiellen Standortes geschlossen. Damit stellt das hier vom IWH vorgestellte Instrumentarium eine praktikable Entscheidungshilfe sowohl für die Genehmigungsbehörde als auch für das sich ansiedelnde Unternehmen dar.
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Regional Differences in Entrepreneurship Education - Perceptions of University Target Groups
Kerstin Wagner, Frank Bau, Jürgen Schmude, Michael Dowling
External Publications,
2006
Abstract
In this paper, we contribute to the literature by empirically investigating certain important issues related to the activities and perception of entrepreneurship education. The paper focuses on the question whether the intentions and the perceptions in regard to being an entrepreneur differ between regions, or even between faculties. We also analyse if regional differences in education structures affect different needs and preferences concerning content and which target groups perceive which activities as most important.
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The Potentials for Technology Transfer via Foreign Direct Investement in Central and East Europe - Results of a Field Study
Judit Hamar, Johannes Stephan
East-West Journal of Economics and Business,
1 & 2
2005
Abstract
Foreign direct investment plays a particularly crucial role for the processes of technological catch-up in Central East Europe. Whilst most countries of this region have received considerable direct investments, the composition of kinds of subsidiaries is different between countries and hence will the prospects for intense technology transfer also differ between countries. This contribution aims to compare the potentials for internal and external technology transfer across countries of Central East Europe by analysing the management-relationship between subsidiaries and their parents and the market-relationships between subsidiaries and their host economy. For this, a firm-level database of some 458 subsidiaries in Estonia, Poland, the Slovak Republic, Hungary, and Slovenia is analysed empirically.
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Economic Capability of East German Regions: Results of a Cluster Analysis
Franz Kronthaler
Regional Studies,
No. 6,
2005
Abstract
This paper analyses the economic capability of East German regions compared with West German regions. Based on new growth theory and new economic geography, and using relevant empirical literature, regions are clustered according to a set of growth factors. The clustering results find little evidence that the economic capability of East German regions is already comparable with West German regions. Economic disadvantages are particularly rooted in lower technical progress, a lack of entrepreneurship, lower business and industrial concentration, and a loss of human capital. However, there are a few East German regions with a high economic capability, but even those suffer from economic disadvantages such as lower technical progress, lower industrial activity and a poorer regional accessibility.
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Network Access Charges, Vertical Integration, and Property Rights Structure
Christian Growitsch, Thomas Wein
Energy Economics,
No. 2,
2005
Abstract
After the deregulation of the German electricity markets in 1998, the German government opted for a regulatory regime called negotiated third party access, which would be subject to ex post control by the federal cartel office. Network access charges for new competitors are based on contractual arrangements between energy producers and industrial consumers. As the electricity networks are incontestable natural monopolies, the local and regional network operators are able to set (monopolistic) charges at their own discretion, limited only by their concerns over possible interference by the federal cartel office (Bundeskartellamt). In this paper we analyse if there is evidence for varying charging behaviour depending on a supplier`s economic independence (structure of property rights) or its level of vertical integration. For this purpose we hypothesise that incorporated and vertically integrated suppliers set different charges than independent utility companies. Multivariate estimations show a relation between network access charges and the network operator’s economic independence as well as level of vertical integration. On the low voltage level, for an estimated annual consumption of 1700 kW/h, vertically integrated firms set – as predicted by our hypothesis - significantly lower access charges than vertically separated suppliers, whereas incorporated network operators charge significantly higher charges compared to independent suppliers. There is insufficient evidence available to confirm these results for other consumptions or voltage levels.
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The Impact of Technology and Regulation on the Geographical Scope of Banking
Hans Degryse, Steven Ongena
Oxford Review of Economic Policy,
No. 4,
2004
Abstract
We review how technological advances and changes in regulation may shape the (future) geographical scope of banking. We first review how both physical distance and the presence of borders currently affect bank lending conditions (loan pricing and credit availability) and market presence (branching and servicing). Next we discuss how technology and regulation have altered this impact and analyse the current state of the European banking sector. We discuss both theoretical contributions and empirical work and highlight open questions along the way. We draw three main lessons from the current theoretical and empirical literature: (i) bank lending to small businesses in Europe may be characterized both by (local) spatial pricing and resilient (regional and/or national) market segmentation; (ii) because of informational asymmetries in the retail market, bank mergers and acquisitions seem the optimal route of entering another market, long before cross-border servicing or direct entry are economically feasible; and (iii) current technological and regulatory developments may, to a large extent, remain impotent in further dismantling the various residual but mutually reinforcing frictions in the retail banking markets in Europe. We conclude the paper by offering pertinent policy recommendations based on these three lessons.
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Technology spillovers from external investors in East Germany: no overall effects in favor of domestic firms
Harald Lehmann, Jutta Günther
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 198,
2004
Abstract
The study deals with the question whether external (foreign and West German) investors in East Germany induce technological spillover effects in favor of domestic firms. It ties in with a number of other econometric spillover studies, especially for transition economies, which show rather mixed and inconclusive results so far. Different from existing spillover analyses, this study allows for a much deeper regional breakdown up to Raumordnungsregionen and uses a branch classification that explicitly considers intermediate and investment good linkages. The regression results show no positive correlation between the presence of external investors and domestic firms’ productivity, no matter which regional breakdown is looked at (East Germany as a whole, federal states, or Raumordnungsregionen). Technology spillovers which may exist in particular cases are obviously not strong enough to increase the domestic firms’ overall productivity.
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