IWH-Bauumfrage im April 2008: Frühjahr beginnt mit Rückschlag
Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2008
Abstract
Die gute Stimmung im ostdeutschen Baugewerbe zu Jahresbeginn hat sich laut Umfrage unter knapp 300 Bauunternehmen im April nicht fortgesetzt. Da sich die witterungsbedingten Behinderungen der Bautätigkeit im ersten Quartal in Grenzen hielten und Aufträge aus den Folgemonaten vorgezogen wurden, fiel die sonst übliche Frühjahrsbelebung bei der aktuellen Lage nur gering aus. Bei den Aussichten blieb sie sogar gänzlich aus. Auch gegenüber dem Vorjahr schätzten die Bauunternehmen sowohl die aktuelle Geschäftslage als auch die Geschäftsaussichten bis zum Spätsommer deutlich schlechter ein.
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Aktuelle Trends: IWH-Konjunkturbarometer Ostdeutschland: Nach Stagnation: Wachstum zum Jahresanfang
Udo Ludwig, Franziska Exß
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2008
Abstract
Im Jahr 2007 hat sich das Bruttoinlandsprodukt in den Neuen Bundesländern das dritte Jahr in Folge mit 2,2% langsamer als in den Alten (2,5%) erhöht. Mit Ausnahme des ersten Quartals verlief die Entwicklung außerordentlich flach. Der konjunkturelle Aufschwung kam vorübergehend zum Erliegen. Auch in das neue Jahr ist die ostdeutsche Wirtschaft gut gestartet. Nach der ersten Berechnung des IWH stieg das Bruttoinlandsprodukt in den ersten drei Monaten gegenüber dem vorangegangenen Quartal um 0,8% (Deutschland: 1,5%), allerdings deutet sich für das zweite Quartal bereits wieder eine Abschwächung an.
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Editorial
Ulrich Blum
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2008
Abstract
Die konstituierenden Prinzipien von Walter Eucken, einem Vater der Sozialen Marktwirtschaft, zählen zum Kern der aus volkswirtschaftlicher Sicht moralstiftenden Regeln. Sie sind notwendige Voraussetzungen einer funktionsfähigen Wettbewerbsordnung. Zwei „Sündenfälle“ aus jüngster Zeit stoßen Ordnungsökonomen besonders auf: Bankenkrise und Erbschaftsteuerreform.
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Export Promotion Needs the Disclosure of Industrial Potentials – A Case Study for the Federal State of Thuringia
Udo Ludwig, Brigitte Loose, Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2008
Abstract
In countries and regions with weak domestic markets, the orientation towards external markets plays an important rule. This applies even more for economies emerging from the transformation process from a state to a market economy with a small export sector and a continuous decline in the number of residents. The federal state Thuringia presents such an example. There is still a large gap in exports compared to Germany as a whole. The paper deals with the role of exports in economic development and economic measures to increase the export activities of small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) in Thuringia. The study is based on a survey among SMEs in Thuringia on the performance of exporters and non-exporters. One of the main findings shows that export promotion was important only for one among three exporting companies during the last three years. That speaks for the confidence of the firms in their own power. The most measures used to implement or advance export activities are participation in a fair, information sessions on foreign markets and two general instruments to support companies: investment and innovation stimulation. As a result, economic measures make sense, but it should not depend on the age or the size of a company. Besides, the support should not only be given by department of foreign trade, but also by other departments. Finally, especially newcomers should be supported to entry foreign markets.
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International Financial Integration and Stability: On the Causes of the International Banking Crisis 2007/08 and Some Preliminary Lessons.
Diemo Dietrich, Achim Hauck
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2008
Abstract
Since its beginning, the recent financial market turmoil that has come to be known as the „subprime crisis“ has provoked considerable controversy among both, policymakers and scientists. The debate mainly focuses on two questions. The first is whether and how short-term measures should be taken to stabilize the global financial system. The second is which general lessons can be drawn from this crisis. Up to now, several potential causes of the crisis have been discussed in a more or less isolated manner. However, a predominant source of the crisis has not been identified yet. Accordingly, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding general consequences of the crisis for economic policy.
The purpose of this article is twofold. First, we show that to a large extent the crisis is due to the economic integration of formerly peripheral countries into the world economy that led to significant savings and investment imbalances. Thus, we argue that the crisis not only is a global phenomenon in its effects but also has global roots. Based on this argument, the second purpose of our paper is to derive implications for economic policy, where we also discuss the consequences for the future design of the global financial architecture.
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Poland Weathers the Crisis
Martina Kämpfe
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 12,
2009
Abstract
Expansion of economic activity in Poland in 2009 continued at a markedly lower level compared to previous years, but despite the falling external and domestic demand, economic recession did not happen until now. Early stabilisation measures, supported also by the European Community (EC) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), helped to avoid substantial instabilities in the financial sector. It seems that Poland is not as hardly affected by the financial crisis as other countries. Unlike previous years, now net exports were the main driving force for growth – they more than compensated the decrease in domestic demand.
Unemployment had risen up from the lowest level in the last decade, but still moderately due to measures of job security. Given the further shrinking labour demand, unemployment will increase despite modest economic activity. Fiscal policy has to meet challenges under the current economic crises: Excess expenditure and deficiency in receipts will deteriorate general government deficit in 2009 and 2010. Without adopted consolidation strategy, Polish convergence to the Euro area will have to be postponed.
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From District Capital to State Capital: What are the Consequences of Rebuilding the East German States for the System of Cities?
Albrecht Kauffmann
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 12,
2009
Abstract
20 years after the German unification, one may ask what consequences for the system of East German cities follow from the changes of the institutional framework. It may be expected that gains or losses of a location in the hierarchy of central places significantly affect the outcome of economic activity as well as the accumulation of – particularly human – capital. The reorganisation of countries on the territory of the former GDR that has elevated five former district capitals to the status of state capitals while the other ones became urban municipalities has created a model case whose implications were investigated by the IWH. The main objective was to identify a pattern of group formation within the former district capitals on the basis of socioeconomic indicators that coincides with the subgroups out of them with and without the status of a capital state. By means of cluster analysis, we have found that already from 1995 to 2000, differences between both groups with regard to income, structure of employment, human capital, and other indicators were significantly. In the period from 2002 to 2007, the spread of income is growing not only between both groups but also within the group of state capitals, dividing their cluster. We can conclude that the allocation of political institutions of higher centrality has influence on local economic development.
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Children, Career, and Compromises: To what Extent does Offspring Affect Labour Force Participation and Career Opportunities of Women in Germany?
Alexander Kubis, Lutz Schneider, Marco Sunder
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 11,
2009
Abstract
Germany faces a substantial challenge from demographic change in the forthcoming decades. While large cohorts reach retirement age, the working-age population shrinks. One option to curtail economic effects of this imbalance is to increase female labour force participation. The study uses data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) to analyze the impact of children on careers of women in East and West Germany, respectively in terms of participation and realized wages or occupational prestige. Results indicate strong regional differences, with East German mothers returning much faster to the labour market than their western peers. Participation rates – especially full-time employment – of the latter group remain permanently below levels of childless women. Careers of East German mothers are hampered by a higher risk of unemployment. The mother wage gap is relatively large among western mothers and remains so even after taking into account previous experience and unobserved heterogeneity. The study documents a negative and statistically significant relationship between children and occupational prestige only for West Germany. The observed career differences between mothers in both parts of the country may be rooted in a larger supply of institutionalized child-care arrangements in East Germany.
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The Spatial Clustering of the Photo-voltaic Industry in Berlin-Brandenburg
Steffen Ebert, Matthias Brachert, Iciar Dominguez Lacasa
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 11,
2009
Abstract
Recent empirical studies show a process of selective clustering in the photo-voltaic industry in East Germany. Especially locations like Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Freiberg/Dresden, Erfurt/Arnstadt and Berlin-Brandenburg were able to attract concentrations of economic activity in this industry. Regarding competition between the different locations for production and employment, emerging agglomeration economies can be seen as one major source increasing inter-regional competitiveness.
The aim of this article is to provide insights into the process of spatial clustering of photo-voltaic industry in Berlin-Brandenburg. With the help of a multi-dimensional cluster-concept developed by Bathelt, we analyse the region’s strengths and weaknesses regarding its generation of agglomeration economies.
The analysis shows that there are indeed first signs of agglomeration economies developing in the region. Despite a low level of horizontal cooperation, companies do profit from co-localisation by continuous observation of the local competitors. Along the value adding production chain, vertical co-operation is increasing, leading to positive effects by specialised suppliers and gains in transportation cost.
But the focal point in further industry development is the augmentation of the regional stock of knowledge. Regarding the increasing pressure on the companies’ innovativeness as a result of changes in market conditions in the photo-voltaic sector, only innovative and efficiently producing companies will be able to survive the industries’ consolidation period. Therefore, it is necessary to further support the increasing interconnectedness between university research, non-university research and local companies in order to profit from the high technological potential of the companies in the region.
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IWH-Bauumfrage im Oktober 2009: Lage stabil gut, Aussichten wieder eingetrübt
Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 11,
2009
Abstract
Die 300 vom IWH befragten ostdeutschen Bauunternehmen beurteilen ihre Geschäftslage im Oktober in etwa so wie in der vorangegangenen Befragung im August. Auch gegenüber dem Vorjahr ergeben sich kaum Unterschiede. Die Geschäftsaussichten, die sich auf das kommende Frühjahr beziehen, werden von den Bauunternehmen dagegen wieder skeptischer bewertet. Bereinigt um die Saisoneinflüsse hat sich die Geschäftslage seit dem vergangenen Frühjahr vergleichsweise stabil entwickelt.
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