Current Trends: Corporate income tax revenue for the first time negative
Kristina vanDeuverden
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2002
Abstract
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Risk Potential for Financial Crises for the Central and East European Transition Countries still high
Axel Brüggemann, Thomas Linne
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2002
Abstract
Since the mid-nineties there have been several financial crises in Central and Eastern Europe. Among the countries affected are Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Romania - all countries with which the European Union is in the midst of accession negotiations. The prevention of financial crises is also important due to the output losses which occurr in the affected countries. Additionally, contagion effects can influence the economic situation in third countries such as those of the EU. For this reason, the IWH analyses on a regular basis the risk potential of the EU-accession countries as well as for Turkey and Russia.
Since the beginning of 1999 at least two different phases in the development of the risk potential can be distinguished for the majority of the Central and Eastern European countries. The first phase is marked by an increase in the risk potential across all countries in the region because of the contagion and spill-over effects following the Russian financial crisis in August 1998. The risk potential was considerably reduced with the phasing out of these effects and a worldwide economic recovery. However, since mid-2000 a second phase has set in. The weaker international environment has again led to a sizable increase in the crisis vulnerability of several countries, where a host of signals indicate an urgent need for economic policy actions.
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Fiscal costs of employment creating schemes - a case study
Birgit Schultz
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2002
Abstract
The evaluation on job creation programs shows a longer unemployment duration of treatment than the non-treatment. In a case study we calculate the additional public cost of the treatment and the subsequent demand of treatment compared with the outcome in a non-treated situation. Additionally we are looking on the break even.
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Employment figures in East German industrial companies stabilize
Peter Eitner
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 16,
2002
Abstract
Die Intensität des Strukturwandels in Ostdeutschland hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren abgeschwächt. Die Stärke der Anpassung an westdeutsche Strukturen hat dabei klar an Kraft verloren. Untersucht werden daher die Entwicklung der Beschäftigung und des Umsatzes der ostdeutschen Industrie, die in immer stärkerem Maße zum Aufholprozess der ostdeutschen Wirtschaft beigetragen hat. Dabei kann gezeigt werden, dass die Beschäftigungsentwicklung, der Tendenz nach, einem positivem Wachstumspfad folgt. Hingegen haben sich die Schwankungen in den Beiträgen zur Wachstumsrate der Zahl der Arbeitsplätze deutlich abgeschwächt. Dieser Pfad zur Stabilisierung lässt sich hingegen bei einer Untersuchung der Umsätze, trotz einer ebenfalls positiven Gesamtentwicklung, nicht feststellen. Charakteristisch ist zudem, dass Betriebe, die schon am Markt bestehen, die Entwicklung der Beschäftigung sowie der Umsätze verstärkt vorantreiben. Insbesondere die Wachstumsbeiträge der schrumpfenden Betriebe verlieren für die Wachstumsraten von Beschäftigung und Umsatz an Bedeutung. Die Auswertungen anhand der Industriestatistik für die technologischen Klassen der Spitzentechnik, Höherwertigen Technik und der Sonstigen Technik zeigen zudem eine divergente Entwicklung innerhalb der ostdeutschen Industrie.
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New industries in Eastern Germany - The state of the development of modern biotechnologies in Saxony-Anhalt
Walter Komar
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 16,
2002
Abstract
East German regions are able to increase their economics and innovation potential, if they orient themselves on technologies, which release important growth effects. Such growth branch is the modern biotechnology. In this paper the development and the location factors of the biotechnology industry in Saxonia-Anhalt are analyzed and compared with the bio region Munich, which rank to among the best bio regions in Germany. The analysis shows that the development of the modern biotechnology in East German regions can be favoured, if the location factors are improved.
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IWH Industry Survey November 2002: Widespread deterioration of business prospects in East German manufacturing sector
Udo Ludwig
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 16,
2002
Abstract
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Investment assistance in Eastern Germany: Risk reforms! - A commentary
Joachim Ragnitz
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 16,
2002
Abstract
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Intra-industry trade and the productivity gap in the enlarged EU
Hubert Gabrisch
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 16,
2002
Abstract
Trade between the European Union (EU) and the Transition Economies (TE) is increasingly characterised by intra-industry trade. The decomposition of intra-industry trade into horizontal and vertical shares reveals predominantly vertical structures with decisively more quality advantages for the EU and less quality advantages for TE countries whenever trade has been liberalised. Sizeable foreign direct investment did obviously not reduce the superiority of producers in the EU in terms of technology, capital and human capital. The productivity gap between the EU and TE countries remains. EU firms have been able to increase their product quality and to shift low-quality segments of production to TE countries. This may suggest a product-quality cycle prevalent in EU-TE trade. The testing of this model confirms the assumptions.
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Currency policy lessons from the failure of the Argentinean currency board
Diemo Dietrich, Axel Lindner
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 15,
2002
Abstract
Die Frage nach der richtigen geldpolitischen Strategie für Länder mit einer nur wenig gefestigten Währung ist nach wie vor offen. Der Wandel der wirtschaftspolitischen Empfehlungen wird wesentlich von Erkenntnissen aus neuen Fallbeispielen wirtschaftspolitischer Experimente bestimmt. Die Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise von Argentinien bietet eine solche Chance zu lernen. Der Krisenausbruch war mit dem Scheitern des dortigen Currency board verknüpft, einer geldpolitischen Strategie, die in Osteuropa gegenwärtig von Bulgarien, Estland und Litauen verfolgt wird. Der Artikel analysiert anhand des Lehrstücks Argentinien die potenziellen Probleme dieser währungspolitischen Strategie und kommt zu Schlussfolgerungen, die auch für die genannten Länder Osteuropas von Bedeutung sind....
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Possible effects of demographic change - An overview
Gunter Steinmann, Olaf Fuchs, Sven Tagge
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 15,
2002
Abstract
One of the more important influences shaping the future economic conditions of the highly industrialized countries is the decline and aging of their population. The article is a comprehensive survey of the impact of this development on key economic variables and the institutions of the welfare state. While the overall consequence of the aging process on productivity growth is more likely to be negative, there are also some offsetting forces like the increase in the capital intensity. The institutions of the welfare state, which are based on intergenerational transfers, will have to be reformed, in order to bring them in line with the demographic process. The prediction of a decrease in the rate of unemployment as a consequence of a declining labor force is according to our analysis not justified.
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