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IWH-Bauumfrage im August 2009: Aussichten in allen Sparten dank Konjunkturpaketen deutlich aufgehellt
Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 9, 2009
Abstract
Das Bauklima hat sich im August nach Aussage der 300 vom IWH regelmäßig befragten Unternehmen deutlich verbessert. Vor allem die Geschäfts-aussichten, die jetzt bis zum Jahreswechsel reichen, haben sich erheblich aufgehellt: Ihr Vorjahresstand wird hier um 20 Saldenpunkte überflügelt, im Vergleich zur vorangegangenen Befragung im Juni um 14 Punkte. Auch die Geschäftslage hat sich weiter verbessert, dies entspricht jedoch weitgehend der saisonüblichen Entwicklung. Abstrahiert man von den Saisoneinflüssen, stabilisiert sich die Lage in etwa auf dem leicht erhöhten Niveau vom Frühjahr.
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Aktuelle Trends: Deutlicher Sanierungsvorsprung ostdeutscher Bestandsimmobilien
Claus Michelsen
Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 9, 2009
Abstract
Ostdeutsche Immobilienmärkte haben in den 90er Jahren von einem staatlich induzierten Investitionsboom profitiert, der insgesamt zu einer weitgehenden Grundsanierung der Wohnimmobilien geführt hat. Gab es bisher lediglich Mutmaßungen über die Unterschiede des Sanierungsstands zwischen Ost und West, zeigen die hier präsentierten Zahlen das Ausmaß deutlich auf. Möglich werden diese Auswertungen auf Grundlage von Informationen des seit dem 01.01.2009 verbindlich eingeführten Energieausweises für Wohngebäude. In Kooperation mit dem Messdienstleister ista wurden diese Zahlen durch das IWH ausgewertet.
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Foreign Investors and Domestic Suppliers: What Feeds Positive External Effects?
Jutta Günther, Björn Jindra, Daniel Sischka
Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 9, 2009
Abstract
The empirical study analyses the potential for positive external effects from foreign investors in favor of domestic firms using the IWH-FDI micro database and taking into account firm-specific characteristics of foreign investors in selected Central and East European countries as well as in Eastern Germany. The analysis shows that only half of the foreign investors believe that they are important for technological activities in domestic supplier firms. Thereby, the potential for external positive effects is higher in Central and Eastern Europe than in Eastern Germany. A reason for this might be that supplier firms in Eastern Germany already operate on a clearly higher technological level than their counterparts in Central and Eastern Europe. Taking into account the share of domestic supplies of foreign investors, it shows that the potential for positive external effects increases only to a certain point from which on the spillover potential stagnates or even declines. Furthermore, there is clear evidence for the following characteristics of foreign investors to increase the potential for positive external effects: innovativeness of the foreign investor, internal and external technological cooperation of foreign investors, independence from the headquarters in research and development issues and market entry through acquisition (instead of greenfield investment). The share of foreign participation as well as the duration of presence in the host economy does not show any statistically significant effect on the potential for external effects. Policy makers should therefore not only aim at the settlement of employment intensive foreign investors, but also and particularly support investors that are characterized by technological activity and regional integration.
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Editorial
Hubert Gabrisch
Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 9, 2009
Abstract
Die Zweifel an der Rolle des Dollar als Leitwährung mehren sich. Länder mit hohen Dollarreserven befürchten, dass die gegenwärtige Haushalts- und Geldpolitik der Vereinigten Staaten die Kaufkraft ihrer Reserven erodieren lässt. Für eine neue Welt-Leitwährung bietet sich natürlich der Euro an. Aber wäre dies wünschenswert, und vor allem: Ergibt es Sinn? Der Umtausch allein der chinesischen Dollarreserven in Euro hätte eine Aufwertung der gemeinsamen Währung zur Folge, die die seit Jahren bestehenden Spannungen zwischen Mitgliedsländern noch verstärken würde. Soll man also weiter auf eine Wende in der amerikanischen Politik hoffen und dem Dollar die Last der Leitwährung nach wie vor überlassen? Diese Hoffnung könnte sich als trügerisch erweisen.
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Energy Efficient Homes in Germany: Lower Energy Requirement in the East and the South – Results of the ista-IWH-Energy-Efficiency-Index 2007
Claus Michelsen
Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 9, 2009
Abstract
At the latest since the oil crisis in the beginning of the 1970s, energy efficiency of homes became a widely discussed topic. In the past, it were in first line aspects of the scarcity of fossil energy sources that motivated the debate. Nowadays, climate protection is a main goal of the European energy policy. For this purpose, a new instrument was introduced in 2009. Europe-wide, the “Energy Performance Certificate” for buildings presents detailed information on the required energy for heating, warm water and (indirectly) the resulting costs for tenants. This instrument is designed to provide further information for consumers to influence their behavior in favor of energy efficient buildings. Until now, there is only little information on spatial aspects of the energy efficiency of housing in Germany. This article presents data on the level of Germany’s NUTS2 regions. In our calculations, we include information on more than 2.6 million flats, interpolating it representatively for the total stock of multifamily buildings and considering the regional climate. The results of the first ista-IWH-Energy-Efficiency-Index indicate large differences between regions. The required energy for housing is much lower in the eastern and southern parts of Germany, compared to the western or northern parts. Explanations can be seen in a different structure of the housing stock (e.g. age of construction, level of refurbishment). Moreover, first analyses of the market structure indicate that owner occupied flats are more efficient in energy requirement than rental flats. Vacancy rates, the duration of occupation of rented flats and the level of regional income play an additional role for the energy efficiency of the regional housing stock.
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Returning to East Germany: Labour Market Success Reduces Re-migration Potential
D. Wiest, Lutz Schneider, Alexander Kubis
Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 9, 2009
Abstract
In the public debate, the brain drain from East Germany is supposed to be the most critical trend regarding the development and catching-up of the New Länder. Therefore, potential for in- and re-migration has attracted much attention at least in the political context. Our contribution analyses the re-migration potential on the basis of data from a DFG research project focusing on the re-migration intentions of people formerly emigrated from Saxony-Anhalt. The analysis concentrates on two aspects: firstly on the effect of job market success after emigration; secondly on the impact of social ties in the origin and the host region on the re-migration potential. The econometric results confirm the expected effects: On the one hand, an individual’s job market success in the target region reduces the re-migration potential. Likewise, the re-migration potential increases for people whose former expectations were disappointed. On the other hand, the analysis shows the relevance of social ties to the region of origin for re-migration potential.
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EFN Report Autumn 2009: Economic Outlook for the Euro Area in 2009 and 2010
, 2009
Abstract
The world wide recovery will put an end to the recession in the euro area in the second half of 2009, but chances for a robust upswing for the year 2010 are slim. We expect GDP to fall around 4.0% in 2009, but a positive growth rate of 0.8% in 2010. However, as unemployment will continue to rise and fiscal policy in member countries with high budget deficits will become restrictive, private consumption is expected to decrease by -0.5% in 2010. Public consumption, public investment and exports will support aggregate demand. Industrial production has bottomed out in the second quarter of 2009. Nevertheless, industrial recovery will take time and average growth rates are expected to be just slightly positive in 2010 (1.1%). It is worth mentioning that this figure has improved significantly since our last report, as world trade has started to recover and some firms are restocking their inventories or reducing them at a slower rate than in the first half of the year. However, private investment will be declining well into next year, as capacity utilization is extremely low and the real costs of financing are not as attractive as interest rate figures appear to suggest.
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The Economic Optimality of Sanction Mechanisms in Interorganizational Ego Networks – A Game Theoretical Analysis –
Muhamed Kudic, Marc Banaszak
IWH Discussion Papers, No. 15, 2009
Abstract
Even though small- and medium-sized firms (SMEs) were believed not to proceed beyond exporting in their internationalization routes, we can observe new types of co-operation intensive entrepreneurial firms – so-called “micromultinational enterprises” (mMNEs) – entering the global landscape. These firms face the challenge to manage and control a portfolio of national and international alliances simultaneously (ego network). The aim of this paper is to provide game theoretically consolidated conditions in order to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of interorganizational sanction mechanisms in an alliance portfolio setting. A game theoretical framework is developed over three stages with increasing complexity. Results show that two out of six analyzed sanction mechanisms do not fulfill the game theoretical condition for effectiveness. The efficiency analysis sensibilizes for discretionary elements in governance structures and demonstrates that not one single sanction mechanism but rather the right choice and combination of different types of sanction mechanisms leads to efficient results. We contribute to the international business, alliance, and network literature in several ways by focusing on alliance portfolios held by mMNEs. In doing so, we move beyond the dyadic level and analyze sanction mechanisms from an ego network perspective, a still widely under-emphasized topic in the literature.
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Finanzierung kommunaler Aufgaben: Ökonomische Prinzipien, moderne Herausforderungen und institutionelle Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten
Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Position Liberal, Bd. 88, 2009
Abstract
The publication is based on the economic principles for an efficient local public revenue system. The main part of the publication is examining the question how different categories of revenues (taxes, user fees, grants-in-aid) and different arrangements of these revenues are able to meet with these principles. In addition, it is asked for the implications of recent developments (demographic change; increasing importance of the competitiveness of cities) for the choice between different categories of revenues. Finally, it is discussed how it could be possible in countries like Germany – where the existing local public revenue system is quite far away from what is regarded as efficient – to come to an institutional change in the direction of a better way of financing the local level.
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Openness and Growth: The Long Shadow of the Berlin Wall
Claudia M. Buch, Farid Toubal
Journal of Macroeconomics, No. 3, 2009
Abstract
The question whether international openness causes higher domestic growth has been subject to intense discussions in the empirical growth literature. This paper addresses the issue in the context of the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. We analyze whether the slow convergence in per capita incomes between East and West Germany and the lower international openness of East Germany are linked. We address the endogeneity of openness by adapting the methodology proposed by Frankel and Romer (1999) to a panel framework. We instrument openness with time-invariant exogenous geographic variables and time-varying exogenous policy variables. We also distinguish the impact of different channels of integration. Our paper has three main findings. First, geographic variables have a significant impact on regional openness. Second, controlling for geography, East German states are less integrated into international markets along all dimensions of integration considered. Third, the degree of openness for trade has a positive impact on regional income per capita.
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