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02.02.2023 • 2/2023
Economic growth, public finances and greenhouse gas emissions in the medium term
According to the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) and its medium-term projection of the German economy, growth in the next six years will be about the same as in the past six years, at 1% per year. The national budget will remain in deficit, but the debt level will decline again relative to the gross domestic product (GDP) from 2024 onwards. At this rate of economic expansion, greenhouse gas emissions will continue to decline in the medium term, but at a much slower rate than necessary to meet the national emission reduction targets.
Oliver Holtemöller
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20.12.2022 • 31/2022
No deep recession despite energy crisis and rise in interest rates
High energy prices and deteriorating financial conditions are weighing on the German economy. However, the period of weakness over the winter is likely to be moderate, partly because the energy price brakes are supporting private incomes. The Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) forecasts that due to the recovery from the pandemic in the first three quarters, gross domestic product (GDP) is estimated to have increased by 1.8% in 2022. Due to high energy prices, however, GDP will slightly decline in the winter months and stagnate on average in 2023. Inflation will fall from 7.8% in 2022 to 6.5% in 2023.
Oliver Holtemöller
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17.03.2022 • 6/2022
Price shock jeopardises recovery of German economy
Russia’s war in Ukraine is hitting the German economy primarily via an energy price shock, but also by disrupting trade flows and causing general uncertainty. At the same time, however, the economy is receiving a strong boost from the lifting of many pandemic restrictions. The Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) forecasts that gross domestic product will increase by 3.1% in 2022. The consumer price index will be 4.8% higher than one year ago. The war affects the East German eco-nomy about as hard as the economy in Germany as a whole.
Oliver Holtemöller
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26.01.2022 • 2/2022
Investment, output gap, and public finances in the medium term: Implications of the Second Supplementary Budget 2021
With the Second Supplementary Budget 2021, the German government plans to allocate a reserve of 60 billion euros to the Energy and Climate Fund. This additional spending is also meant to reduce the macroeconomic follow-up costs of the pandemic. According to the IWH’s medium-term projection, the expenditure is expected to increase output by about 0.5% at the peak of its impact in 2024. “While this macroeconomic effect is welcome, the additional investment will by no means compensate for the lack of investment activity since the beginning of the pandemic,” says Oliver Holtemöller, head of the Department Macroeconomics and vice president at Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH). Moreover, the supplementary budget is likely to reduce confidence in the reliability of the debt brake.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Investment, output gap, and public finances in the medium term: Implications of the Second Supplementary Budget 2021
Andrej Drygalla, Katja Heinisch, Oliver Holtemöller, Axel Lindner, Götz Zeddies
Konjunktur aktuell,
No. 4,
2021
Abstract
Die Bundesregierung plant, mit dem Zweiten Nachtragshaushalt 2021 dem Energie- und Klimafonds eine Rücklage in Höhe von 60 Mrd. Euro zuzuführen. Die Mittel sollen in den Folgejahren in Investitionen in den Klimaschutz und die Transformation der Wirtschaft fließen und zugleich gesamtwirtschaftliche Folgekosten der Pandemie verringern. Diese pandemiebedingten Einbußen sind auch in der mittleren Frist erheblich. Zwar dürften Nachholeffekte beim privaten Konsum die im Jahr 2021 noch deutliche Unterauslastung bis zum Jahr 2024 vollständig verschwinden lassen. Jedoch liegt das Produktionspotenzial in den kommenden Jahren mehr als 1,5% unter dem Ende 2019 vom IWH prognostizierten Wert, vor allem wegen eines geringeren Arbeitsangebots, unter anderem aufgrund deutlich niedrigerer Zuwanderung von Arbeitskräften. Die Investitionen sind gemäß aktueller Mittelfristprojektion im Jahr 2024 ebenfalls noch deutlich niedriger. Die Effekte des Nachtragshaushalts auf Investitionstätigkeit und Produktion lassen sich mit Hilfe des finanzpolitischen Simulationsmodells des IWH abschätzen. Die beabsichtigten Mehrausgaben dürften auf dem Höhepunkt ihrer Wirksamkeit im Jahr 2024 die gesamtwirtschaftliche Aktivität um etwa 0,5% steigern. Allerdings werden die zusätzlichen Investitionen die seit Pandemiebeginn ausgebliebene Investitionstätigkeit bei Weitem nicht kompensieren können. Eine Bewertung des Nachtragshaushals hat die positiven gesamtwirtschaftlichen Effekte zusätzlicher Investitionen und die negativen Effekte auf die Glaubwürdigkeit der Schuldenbremse gegeneinander abzuwägen.
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