27.06.2016 • 27/2016
Wie können wir den Wettbewerb im Dienstleistungssektor ankurbeln?
Konferenz des Leibniz-Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) und der Vertretung der EU-Kommission in Deutschland
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24.06.2016 • 26/2016
UK’s “No” to EU will be costly for both sides
On Thursday 23rd, the British people have decided to leave the European Union (EU) Their vote not to remain in the European community was surprisingly clear. UK’s exit will have both political and economic consequences which are far-reaching for the country itself as well as the rest of Europe. “The reactions of the remaining member states are the crucial key now, especially France’s and Germany’s” says Reint E. Gropp, President of the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) – Member of the Leibniz Association.
Reint E. Gropp
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Upturn Remains Moderate — Economic Policy Lacks Growth Orientation
Roland Döhrn, Ferdinand Fichtner, Oliver Holtemöller, Timo Wollmershäuser
Wirtschaftsdienst,
No. 5,
2016
Abstract
The German economy is experiencing a moderate upturn. Gross domestic product is expected to increase by 1.6 per cent this year and by 1.5 per cent in 2017. The upturn will be driven by private consumption, which will benefit from continued employment growth, sizeable increases in wage and transfer income, and also purchasing power gains thanks to lower energy prices. Fiscal policy will also be expansively oriented, partly due to rising costs related to refugee immigration. Public budgets will still post significant surpluses in the forecasting period, however. Failing to use this room for manoeuvre to promote growth, as seen in recent years, is not a sustainable path. In view of the continuous slack in the euro area economy, the monetary policy stance is considered to be appropriate. Should it become obvious in the course of this year that production does not return to normal capacity and that the inflation rate does not move towards two per cent, further measures to stimulate growth might become necessary. The scope for further monetary policy measures has been widely exhausted, though. A further economic stabilization could only be achieved through a combination of expansionary fiscal and monetary policy. This could severely damage the credibility of monetary policy, however.
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Electoral Credit Supply Cycles Among German Savings Banks
Reint E. Gropp, Vahid Saadi
IWH Online,
No. 11,
2015
Abstract
In this note we document political lending cycles for German savings banks. We find that savings banks on average increase supply of commercial loans by €7.6 million in the year of a local election in their respective county or municipality (Kommunalwahl). For all savings banks combined this amounts to €3.4 billion (0.4% of total credit supply in Germany in a complete electoral cycle) more credit in election years. Credit growth at savings banks increases by 0.7 percentage points, which corresponds to a 40% increase relative to non-election years. Consistent with this result, we also find that the performance of the savings banks follows the same electoral cycle. The loans that the savings banks generate during election years perform worse in the first three years of maturity and loan losses tend to be realized in the middle of the election cycle.
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26.11.2015 • 43/2015
Political lendings of German Savings Banks
A recent paper of the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) suggests that German local politicians take advantage of their influence on the credit decisions of German savings banks. “German savings banks on average increase the supply of commercial loans by €7.6 million in the year of a local election”, says IWH president Reint E. Gropp. Loans that the savings banks generate during election years also perform worse and lead to lower interest income. The results suggest that local politicians take advantage of savings banks to further their chances of re-election.
Reint E. Gropp
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Konjunktur aktuell: Aufschwung in Deutschland bleibt verhalten
Konjunktur aktuell,
No. 4,
2015
Abstract
Die deutsche Wirtschaft befindet sich in einem verhaltenen Aufschwung. Die Kapazitätsauslastung hat im Frühjahr zugenommen, und im dritten Quartal 2015 dürfte die Veränderungsrate des Bruttoinlandsprodukts mit 0,5% leicht überdurchschnittlich ausfallen. Im weiteren Verlauf werden die Produktionskapazitäten wohl etwa normalausgelastet sein. Während die schwächere Nachfrage der Schwellenländer auf ein leichtes Abflachen der Exporte im späteren Jahresverlauf hindeutet, dürfte die inländische Nachfrage wieder stärker zulegen. Alles in allem wird das Bruttoinlandsprodukt im Jahr 2015 wohl um 1,8% zunehmen (66%-Prognoseintervall: 1,6% bis 2,0%).
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Censored Fractional Response Model: Estimating Heterogeneous Relative Risk Aversion of European Households
Qizhou Xiong
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 11,
2015
Abstract
This paper estimates relative risk aversion using the observed shares of risky assets and characteristics of households from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey of the European Central Bank. Given that the risky share is a fractional response variable belonging to [0, 1], this paper proposes a censored fractional response estimation method using extremal quantiles to approximate the censoring thresholds. Considering that participation in risky asset markets is costly, I estimate both the heterogeneous relative risk aversion and participation cost using a working sample that includes both risky asset holders and non-risky asset holders by treating the zero risky share as the result of heterogeneous self-censoring. Estimation results show lower participation costs and higher relative risk aversion than what was previously estimated. The estimated median relative risk aversions of eight European countries range from 4.6 to 13.6. However, the results are sensitive to households’ perception of the risky asset market return and volatility.
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Are there Business Cycles “beyond GDP“? Alternative Measures to GDP at Business Cycle Frequencies
Jörg Döpke, Philip Maschke
Applied Economics Quarterly,
No. 2,
2015
Abstract
We discuss properties of alternatives or complements to GDP as a measure of welfare at business cycle frequencies. Our results imply that the suggested indicators show practically no cycle at all and their methodologies can be questioned. First, data are not available at an appropriate quality and frequency. Second, the suggested time series sometimes correlate negatively with each other. Third, cross-section and quasi-panel evidence based on different samples of countries reveals no impact of the stance of the business cycle on some suggested welfare measures. Therefore, alternative welfare measures do not show an equal picture on business cycle frequencies compared to GDP-based measures.
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Konjunktur aktuell: Deutsche Konjunktur: Starkes Winterhalbjahr und weiter robuste Dynamik
Konjunktur aktuell,
No. 2,
2015
Abstract
Die gesamtwirtschaftliche Produktion ist in Deutschland im Jahr 2014 wieder spürbar ausgeweitet worden, insbesondere dank einer Belebung der Investitionstätigkeit und des privaten Konsums. Im Winterhalbjahr 2014/2015 dürfte der Produktionsanstieg besonders kräftig ausfallen. Auch wenn das Expansionstempo im weiteren Jahresverlauf wieder etwas abflacht, sprechen günstige Rahmenbedingungen wie gesunkene Energiekosten und sehr niedrige Finanzierungskosten für eine gute Konjunktur in den Jahren 2015 und 2016. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt dürfte im Jahr 2015 um 2,0% zulegen (66%-Prognoseintervall: 1,6% bis 2,5%).
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Die mittelfristige wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in Deutschland für die Jahre 2014 bis 2019
Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Katja Drechsel, Oliver Holtemöller, Brigitte Loose, Götz Zeddies
Konjunktur aktuell,
No. 1,
2015
Abstract
Alles in allem dürfte das Bruttoinlandsprodukt in Deutschland im Jahr 2014 um 1,5% steigen. Im Jahr 2015 wird es wohl um 1,3% zunehmen – etwa 0,2 Prozentpunkte davon sind auf den Ölpreisrückgang zurückzuführen. Nach einer Unterauslastung der Kapazitäten im Jahr 2014 dürfte sich die Produktionslücke Ende des Jahres 2015 schließen. Im Jahr 2016 dürfte die Produktion um 1,6% steigen. Für das Jahr 2014 reicht das 66%-Prognoseintervall für den Zuwachs des Bruttoinlandsprodukts von 1,4% bis 1,6%, für das Jahr 2015 von 0,4% bis 2,1% und für das Jahr 2016 von 0,2% bis 3,4%.
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