Editorial
Ulrich Blum
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2007
Abstract
Stehen Länder im Wettbewerb? Nein sagen viele Wirtschaftswissenschaftler, weil Staaten als politische Organisationen keine international handelbaren Güter erstellen. Tatsächlich aber gibt es eine Konkurrenz der Standorte um die besten Rahmenbedingungen. Historisch waren dies vor allem materielle Infrastrukturen – der „Überbau“, so meinte man, folge dann von selbst. Die Kette lief vereinfacht vom Straßenbau über die Industrieansiedlung zum wirtschaftlichen Erfolg, mit dem dann auch soziale Infrastrukturen, beispielsweise im Bereich der Bildung, einhergehen. Friedrich List hingegen postulierte, gute Institutionen seien die echten Quellen des Wachstums. Als Begründer der ökonomischen Humankapitaltheorie erkannte er die Bedeutung des Lernens, auch von anderen. Gegenwärtig beherrscht dies China meisterhaft. Deutschland verdankt dem technologisch-wirtschaftlichen Nacheifern Englands im 19. Jahrhundert seinen Wohlstand. In Gegenwehr setzte England den Herkunftsausweis „Made in Germany“ durch – da aber hatte Deutschland schon aufgeschlossen.
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Ageing in East Germany: Remarkable reduction of entrepreneurship
Lutz Schneider, Stefan Eichler
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 4,
2007
Abstract
Population shrinking and ageing are obvious trends in many German regions, but in the Eastern states they reach an unique level. An often ignored economic implication of these demographic deve-lopments is the reduction of the entrepreneurial potential. Shirking, on the one hand, diminishes the quantity of potential entrepreneurs, on the other hand these effects are strengthened by ageing trends, since people usually decide in younger years to found an enterprise. The analysis tries to quantify the impact of demographic change on entrepreneurship activities in east Germany until 2020. At the first stage on the basis of the Mikrozensus survey age specific shares of new entrepreneurs are calculated. In order to obtain a status-quo-forecast of new entrepreneurs at the second stage these quotas are combined with the population projections for the East Germany. As expected the propensity to set up a new business is highest for persons at the age form 25 to 39 years. Due to the strong reduction of this age group the number of new firm foundations will fall by approximately 25% until 2020.Whereas the decline in Berlin will be relatively small (14%), Brandenburg has to bear an alarming reduction of 32%.In contrast the West German states show only a reduction of 6% during the same period, which emphasizes the extraordinary dimension of demographic change in East Germany.
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What Determines the Efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems?
Michael Fritsch, Viktor Slavtchev
Jena Economic Research Papers, Nr. 2007-006,
No. 6,
2007
Abstract
We assess the efficiency of regional innovation systems (RIS) in Germany by means of a knowledge production function. This function relates private sector research and development (R&D) activity in a region to the number of inventions that have been registered by residents of that region. Different measures and estimation approaches lead to rather similar assessments. We find that both spillovers within the private sector as well as from universities and other public research institutions have a positive effect on the efficiency of private sector R&D in the respective region. It is not the mere presence and size of public research institutions, but rather the intensity of interactions between private and public sector R&D that leads to high RIS efficiency. We find that relationship between the diversity of a regions’ industry structure and the efficiency of its innovation system is inversely u-shaped. Regions dominated by large establishments tend to be less efficient than regions with a lower average establishment size.
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IWH-Industrieumfrage in Ostdeutschland zum Jahresauftakt 2007: Auftriebskräfte behalten die Oberhand
Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 3,
2007
Abstract
Das Jahr 2006 war für das Verarbeitende Gewerbe in Ostdeutschland äußerst erfolgreich. Das belegen Daten der amtlichen Statistik und das bestätigen die Ergebnisse der IWH-Umfragen im vergangenen Jahr zur Geschäftslage und zu den Geschäftsaussichten.
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IWH-Bauumfrage im Februar 2007: Geschäftsklima weiterhin gut
Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 3,
2007
Abstract
Die vom IWH regelmäßig befragten 300 ostdeutschen Bauunternehmen meldeten im Februar 2007 eine Verschlechterung der Geschäftslage gegenüber der vorangegangenen Umfrage im Dezember, die Geschäftsaussichten bis in den Frühsommer 2007 werden dagegen mehrheitlich wieder etwas günstiger als zuvor beurteilt. Unter Ausschluß der Saisoneffekte ergibt sich für beide Stimmungskomponenten jedoch eine Stagnation auf dem im Dezember erreichten Niveau.
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Economic 'Clusters' in East Germany: Evidence on the Location and the Characteristics of Spatially Concentrated Industries
Martin T. W. Rosenfeld, Peter Franz, Gerhard Heimpold
Post-Communist Economies,
No. 1,
2007
Abstract
The contribution provides empirical findings, which regions in East Germany show spatially concentrated industries possessing ”cluster” qualities. The latter are regarded as being existent if spatially concentrated industries coincide with networking activities and innovative competences. The findings reveal that spatially concentrated industries possessing the qualities sketched are relatively rare, and they are, if existent, primarily located in the East German agglomerated spaces. This in mind, the article draws the conclusion, that spreading regional policy schemes by the “watering can principle” should be avoided. Instead, the resources should be concentrated on locations where spatially concentrated industries are existent. Networks and innovative competences should be strengthened there.
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IWH Bauumfrage in Ostdeutschland zum Jahresauftakt 2007: Nach einem guten Jahr 2006 erwarten Unternehmen wieder einen Dämpfer
Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2007
Abstract
Im Jahr 2006 ist es im Zusammenhang mit Vorzieheffekten zur Mitnahme der Eigenheimzulage und zur Umgehung der Mehrwertsteuererhöhung, aber auch infolge von Großprojekten im Wirtschaftsbau zu einer, wenn auch geringen, Ausweitung der Bauproduktion gekommen. So trug das Baugewerbe, das die gesamtwirtschaftliche Expansion in Ostdeutschland seit Mitte der neunziger Jahre stark belastet hatte, erstmals wieder zum Wachstum bei. Die Nachfragebelebung hat sich auch positiv auf Produktivität, Arbeitskosten und Erträge ausgewirkt. Zudem ist die Beschäftigung geringfügig aufgebaut worden. Diese Entwicklung wird sich angesichts der auslaufenden Sonderimpulse so nicht fortsetzen. Das signalisieren die 300 vom IWH befragten Unternehmen zum Jahresende 2006.
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IWH-Industrieumfrage im Januar 2007: Gute Geschäftslage gefestigt, hohe Erwartungen gedämpft
Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2007
Abstract
Die Antworten aus der IWH-Konjunkturumfrage in der ostdeutschen Industrie zeigen zu Beginn ei-nes Jahres meist das gleiche Stimmungsbild: die Geschäftslage wird skeptischer beurteilt als im November, die Geschäftserwartungen sind dagegen aufwärts gerichtet. Im Januar dieses Jahres sprengt die kraftvolle Industriekonjunktur dieses Muster, wie die aktuelle Befragung unter rund 300 Industrie-Unternehmen zeigt.
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Considerable Export Potentials in Eastern Germany
Götz Zeddies
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2007
Abstract
For a long time, the Federal Republic of Germany is one of the countries with the highest export performance in the world. But a closer examination of East- and West-Germany reveals substantial regional differences. The collabse of the markets in the eastern European countries, which were the main trading partners of GDR, after the breakdown of communism caused a sustainable decline of East-German exports. Nevertheless it was expected that the economic recovery in the former communist countries and the access to new export markets in the western world would cause an upward movement of East-German Trade. Although during the last years East-German exports grew faster than those of Western Germany, the east German share in Germanys total exports is still comparatively low. On the basis of a gravity-model of trade, bilateral export potencials are empirically analysed. This is done for the Federal Republic of Germany as a whole, and seperately forEast and West-Germany. Afterwards, the calculated export potencials are compared with actual exports. The results show that Germany as a whole exceeds its export potencial against the majority of its main trading partners. The differentiated analysis for East and West-Germany supports the hypothesis that Germanys high export performance stems from the western part of the country, whereas the eastern part exploits its export potencial with Germanys main trading partners only to the half. The unexploited export potencials as well as the higher concentration on the fast-growing central and eastern European markets imply considerable potencials for East-German exports to grow in the future.
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Analysis of location of large-area shopping centres - A probalistic gravity model for the Halle-Leipzig area
Alexander Kubis, Maria Hartmann
Jahrbuch für Regionalwissenschaft,
No. 1,
2007
Abstract
A profund analysis of large-area shopping centres from the perspective of retail, but also of communes is of importance for the choice of site selection. In central Germany, the Halle–Leipzig area represents an example of strong competitiveness between the different participants in retail. The analysis described in this article is based on the MCI Model of Nakanishi and Cooper, which is used to investigate the regional influences of nine large shopping centres in the area of interest. The analysis demonstrates, that the studied shopping centres intensely affect the structure of retail in the region and exert a strong influence on the structural weakness of the surrounding cities due to their relative success in comparison to other retail locations city centres. An important volume of the turnover of the administrative districts flows to the analysed shopping centres. On the other hand, the article describes the influence of a systematic location decision on the reachable turnover potential of the modelized large-area shopping centres among each other. The shopping centres Saale Park (today Nova Eventis) near Leipzig and the Paunsdorf Center in Leipzig show the biggest influence on the competing centres.
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