Level of economic activity in Central and Eastern Europe gathers momentum
Martina Kämpfe
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 12,
2003
Abstract
Die robuste wirtschaftliche Expansion in Mittel- und Osteuropa hat sich ungeachtet der anhaltenden weltweiten Konjunkturschwäche im ersten Halbjahr 2003 fortgesetzt. Dabei kam es in einigen Ländern, darunter insbesondere in Russland und Polen, zu einer deutlichen Belebung. Eine rege Inlandsnachfrage unterstützte eine recht zügige Ausdehnung der Produktion, teilweise nahmen auch die Exporte stärker zu. Das reale Bruttoinlandsprodukt wird in den Beitrittsländern nach Einschätzung des IWH in diesem Jahr mit 3,1% zunehmen, nach 2,5% im vergangenen Jahr. Für 2004 ist aufgrund des zu erwartenden Anziehens der weltweiten Konjunktur mit einer Beschleunigung der wirtschaftlichen Dynamik auf 3,8% in der Region zu rechnen. Die Inflation wird sich im gesamten Prognosezeitraum weiter zurückbilden, wobei es vereinzelt auch zu einem weniger starken Rückgang des Preisauftriebs u. a. im Zuge von Steueranpassungen vor dem geplanten EU-Beitritt mittel- und osteuropäischer Länder im Frühjahr 2004 kommen kann. Der Arbeitsmarkt profitiert weiterhin nur gering von der wirtschaftlichen Expansion. Die durchschnittliche Arbeitslosenquote wird auch im nächsten Jahr noch um die 13% liegen.
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Opportunities and Risks for Regional Development in Former East German Brown Coal Mining Areas: The Case of the “Geiseltal” Mining Area in Saxony-Anhalt
Peter Franz
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 11,
2003
Abstract
The rehabilitation of former brown coal open mining locations represents an important section of the economic and ecological restructuring process in East Germany, taking place since 1990. The recent progress in rehabilitation has led to large amounts of newly disposable space and thus expands the opportunities for regional development, especially with respect to tourism. But the possible positive effects are at risk because of diverse obstacles. In the case of the former open mining location of the “Geiseltal” in the south of Saxony-Anhalt such obstacles show up in form of a strong identification of the residents with the tradition of mining industry, in form of the expansive interests of nature protection organizations, and in form of inadequate organisational structures of the local public administration. In the case of a tourism-oriented development strategy risks arise concerning the actual duration of the remaining recultivation process and concerning the competition with locations with similar development targets.
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Local conditions for the New Economy in structurally weak areas: The Example of Saxony-Anhalt
Walter Komar
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 9,
2003
Abstract
The paper presents the main results of an analysis of the regional conditions for the New Economy in Saxonia-Anhalt, i. e. for the sectors of modern biotechnology and modern information technology. Therefore, the regional conditions in Saxonia-Anhalt and the Raumordungsregion (ROR) Munich are compared. Latter region is one of the most advanced areas in Germany with regard to the two sectors under consideration. As expected, the ROR Munich shows better results in most aspects. Nevertheless, an important result is that even in less economically advanced regions modern biotechnology and modern information technology have chances for a good economic performance. Therfore, these regions must use better their existing potentials and eliminate their still existing regional deficits.
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EU Eastern Enlargement and Structural Change: Specialization Patterns in Accession Countries and Economic Dynamics in the Single Market
Albrecht Kauffmann, P. J. J. Welfens, A. Jungmittag, C. Schumann
Diskussionsbeiträge des Europäischen Instituts für Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen (EIIW), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Nr. 106,
No. 106,
2003
Abstract
This paper analyses key issues of structural change and specialization patterns in the economies of an enlarged European Union. In all transition countries we observe a shift from the agricultural and industrial sector towards the service sector in terms of employment and productivity; however, in some countries a reindustrialisation drives is observed in a late transition stage. While some countries namely the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Estonia and Slovenia, have improved their productivity especially in medium-technology-intensive industries and may advance on the technological ladder, others remain unchanged and seem to get locked in labour-intensive industrial sectors. In the context of EU-enlargement, we expect trade creation – going along with a rise of intra-industry trade – and higher FDI-activities. Countries will have to adjust along the logic of comparative advantage, however, technological upgrading and human capital formation are fields in which government can stimulate the direction of comparative advantage. According to the Gerschenkron-hypothesis the accession countries have an “advantage of backwardness. Since accession countries have a low R&D-GDP ratio in the early transition stage rising government expenditures on research and development plus higher education is crucial. We expect the EU-15 countries in general to benefit from enlargement but gains will be asymmetric across countries: economic geography matters. Austria, Germany, the Scandinavian countries, the Netherlands, Italy and France are likely to profit more than the other members of EU-15. Germany and Austria additionally play a particularly crucial role as origins of FDI. Future research should focus on the speed and the scope of structural adjustment.
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Composite Leading Indicators der amerikanischen Wirtschaft - Prognosegüte des Conference Board und des OECD Ansatzes im Vergleich
Marian Berneburg
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 172,
2003
Abstract
The Paper analyses both the Conference Board as well as the OECD Leading Indicators concerning their forecasting properties of overall economic activity. For this purpose the two indicators are introduced separately and several in-sample and out-of-sample tests are being conducted. The main focus, apart from other methods, is being laid on coherence tests as well as the Diebold/Mariano test. In contrast to many other analyses dealing with this topic, the chosen reference series is not industrial production, but rather the coincident index, as reported by the conference board. It seems as if both indicators show some sign of correlation to overall economic activity, but at the same time fail to improve on the forecasts of a simple time series model.
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Sind Haushalte mit Wohneigentum sparsamer als Mieterhaushalte?
Ruth Grunert
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 171,
2003
Abstract
In this paper examines the data of the income and consumption survey of 1998 with regard to savings and wealth. Households owning their property (owner households) and households renting the property (tenant households) are analysed seperatly and then compared. For further insight these two groups are also devided into East and West German households. In 1998, almost half of the West German and almost a quarter of the East German private households owned property they occupied themselves. The average owner household saves a monthly amount three times as large as the tenant household. The decisive economizing motive for the owner households is servicing its mortgages and loans. However, at the same time, there is the necessity to form reserves for the property maintainance as well as the renovation. In comparison to tenant households, owner households which no longer have to service mortgages or loans, have a higher average rate of saving. The estimate of the saving by means of regression analysis confirms the significant positive influence of the “owner” status on savings. However, in every estimate the houshold’s income proves to be the main influence on savings activity.
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IWH Economic Outlook 2003: Waiting for the Upswing in Germany - Waiting for Godot?
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2003
Abstract
The outlook forecasts the economic developments in the world, the Euro Area and Germany in 2003. A general tendency is given for 2004. The world economy and the US-economy are recovering in 2003 and so are providing positive impulses for the Euro Area. For Germany this impetus from abroad will most likely remain the sole driving force for the revival of economic activity in 2003. Still this external stimulus will not be able to develop its full strength, as the newly restrictive fiscal policy will lower disposable income. At the earliest the economic upturn will gain strength in the summer months. This results in an initially increased burden on the labour market and only in 2004 will a decline in unemployment be observable, albeit at a slow pace. In economic terms, the recent interest rate cut by the ECB should only be able to show modest effects. Fiscal Policy in 2003 will be distinctly restrictive.
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Higher risk potential for financial crises in Central and Eastern Europe: Countermeasures restrain revival of economic activity
Martina Kämpfe, Thomas Linne
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 12,
2002
Abstract
Das Risikopotenzial für eine Finanzkrise stieg zuletzt in einigen wichtigen mittel- und osteuropäischen Ländern (Polen, Ungarn, Tschechien, Slowakei) deutlich an. Wirtschaftspolitischer Handlungsbedarf besteht vordringlich in einer Korrektur der derzeit noch expansiv angelegten Fiskalpolitik. Davon sind für das Jahr 2003 dämpfende Impulse für den konjunkturellen Aufschwung zu erwarten. Positive Impulse werden dagegen von einem Anziehen der westeuropäischen Konjunktur gegen Ende des Jahres 2002 für die Exporte der Unternehmen in Mittel- und Osteuropa ausgehen. Die gesamtwirtschaftliche Wachstumsrate wird im Jahr 2003 mit rund 4% etwas höher ausfallen als im laufenden Jahr. Dafür ist im Wesentlichen die russische Wirtschaft verantwortlich, die ebenfalls von der westeuropäischen Konjunkturbelebung profitieren wird. Im Jahr 2002 wird das Wachstum in der Region mit 3% deutlich geringer ausfallen als noch im Jahr zuvor.
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Prospects for 2002: Waiting for the cyclical change
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2002
Abstract
This article updates the complete analysis and forecast of the economic developments in the World and Germany in particular for 2002, as published in Summer. After six quarters of downturn, the beginning of 2002 does not show signs of a revival in economic activity. Neither internal nor external forces are currently strong enough to reverse the underlying downward trend. It is assumed that by spring time the recession in the USA will have faded. Resulting is a stimulus for the World Economy. This initiating impulse will revive production in Germany and the Euro Area, which by the second half of 2002 will gain pace. The increase in exports, as induced by the upturn in the US-Economy will positively affect domestic demand. With the usual time lag this development will also strengthen the job market. Monetary Policy will remain expansive and begins to show its full effect. Fiscal Policy, on the other hand, due to the need for consolidation, will remain restrictive.
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Germany: Cyclical Improvement not Until the End of the Year
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 12,
2001
Abstract
During the second quarter of 2001 German overall production stagnated. Weak global development muddied the economic prospects of firms and prevented them from rising their output and their investment activities. In 2001 gross national product will only increase by 1%; the number of unemployed will be higher than expected. Nevertheless, we advise against an increase in public expenditure that aims at stimulating the economy. Anyhow, growing public deficits, caused by cyclical movements, should be accepted. In order to increase employment labour market reforms become more urgent.
In East Germany, currently even a decline in gross national product cannot be excluded. After the first period of restructuring, which has been accompanied by structural problems, cyclical movements become more important. In addition, economic stagnation burdens labour markets. Nonetheless trying to stimulate the East German economy by government spending programmes does not seem to be a viable strategy. From the cyclical point of view they are not very efficient and concerning structural problems they are no solution.
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