IWH Economic Outlook 2003: Waiting for the Upswing in Germany - Waiting for Godot?
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2003
Abstract
The outlook forecasts the economic developments in the world, the Euro Area and Germany in 2003. A general tendency is given for 2004. The world economy and the US-economy are recovering in 2003 and so are providing positive impulses for the Euro Area. For Germany this impetus from abroad will most likely remain the sole driving force for the revival of economic activity in 2003. Still this external stimulus will not be able to develop its full strength, as the newly restrictive fiscal policy will lower disposable income. At the earliest the economic upturn will gain strength in the summer months. This results in an initially increased burden on the labour market and only in 2004 will a decline in unemployment be observable, albeit at a slow pace. In economic terms, the recent interest rate cut by the ECB should only be able to show modest effects. Fiscal Policy in 2003 will be distinctly restrictive.
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Currency policy lessons from the failure of the Argentinean currency board
Diemo Dietrich, Axel Lindner
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 15,
2002
Abstract
Die Frage nach der richtigen geldpolitischen Strategie für Länder mit einer nur wenig gefestigten Währung ist nach wie vor offen. Der Wandel der wirtschaftspolitischen Empfehlungen wird wesentlich von Erkenntnissen aus neuen Fallbeispielen wirtschaftspolitischer Experimente bestimmt. Die Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise von Argentinien bietet eine solche Chance zu lernen. Der Krisenausbruch war mit dem Scheitern des dortigen Currency board verknüpft, einer geldpolitischen Strategie, die in Osteuropa gegenwärtig von Bulgarien, Estland und Litauen verfolgt wird. Der Artikel analysiert anhand des Lehrstücks Argentinien die potenziellen Probleme dieser währungspolitischen Strategie und kommt zu Schlussfolgerungen, die auch für die genannten Länder Osteuropas von Bedeutung sind....
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Currency boards of acceding Baltic countries stable and compatible to EU exchange rate mechanism
Hubert Gabrisch, Thomas Linne
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 11,
2002
Abstract
Das Wechselkurssystem der meisten Beitrittskandidaten entspricht zur Zeit nicht dem Wechselkursmechanismus der EU (WKM II). Die EU sieht auch die Currency boards (Estland, Litauen und Bulgarien) als nicht akzeptable Substitute an. Gleichwohl ist die Aufrechterhaltung dieser Systeme auch nach Beitritt zum WKM II unter bestimmten formalen Voraussetzungen möglich. Dann hängt eine Prüfung ihrer Stabilität nur von ökonomischen Kriterien ab. Dazu gehört insbesondere die Frage, ob bei einem Fixkurssystem ohne Band die nur sehr beschränkte geldpolitische Manövrierfähigkeit der Zentralbanken dieser Länder ausreicht, unerwünschte Devisenzuflüsse zu sterilisieren oder gar spekulativen Attacken erfolgreich zu begegnen. Die bisher erfolgreiche Funktionsfähigkeit der Currency boards und die ihr zugrunde liegenden Faktoren wecken wenig Zweifel an der zukünftigen Stabilität im WKM II zumindest im Falle der baltischen Länder. Ebenso unwahrscheinlich ist, dass vom EU-Beitritt negative Anreizwirkungen auf die Fiskal- und Lohnpolitik ausgehen.
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Economic Development 2002 and 2003: Investments – The Achilles Heel of the Economy
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 10,
2002
Abstract
The Article analyses and forecasts the economic developments for the World and German in 2002 and 2003. During the winter 2001/2002 the World Economy was able to pull out of its trough. Nonetheless, the upswing did not reach investments and was mainly driven by consumption and exports in the USA and the remaining major economies, respectively. In the course of this and next year Investors will gradually regain their trust in the economy. The same will be the case for consumers in Germany and Europe. As a result a modest recovery on a wide front will develop. In the course of next year this recovery will start to weaken. In Germany, Wage Policy has retracted from its former moderate stance. Hence, although due to the improving economic conditions and the resulting slowed employment cuts by the end of 2002 as well as employment increases in 2003, the upswing on the labour market will not reach the dynamics of the 1999/2000 recovery. Fiscal Policy, caused by the need to consolidate the public budget, will be restrictive. Despite the low inflation risks, by the end of this year the ECB will have raised its major interest rate by 1/2 percentage point. Nonetheless, as interest rates in real terms will remain at relatively low levels a restrictive impact from the Monetary Policy in Germany and the Euro Area will is not expected. The most important Data for the World Economy and Germany are being stated in detailed tables.
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Structural Vector Autoregressive Models and Monetary Policy Analysis
Oliver Holtemöller
SFB 373 Discussion Paper 7/2002,
2002
Abstract
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Price level effects of the Euro-cash introduction
Axel Lindner
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 4,
2002
Abstract
This article gives evidence that the euro cash changeover has contributed to the increase in the price level in Germany in January 2002.
It is shown that the menu costs approach can easily explain this finding. An implication of this explanation is that the changeover will have only a temporary effect on the price level.
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Bank Concentration and Retail Interest Rates
S. Corvoisier, Reint E. Gropp
Journal of Banking and Finance,
No. 11,
2002
Abstract
The recent wave of mergers in the euro area raises the question whether the increase in concentration has offset the increase in competition in European banking through deregulation. We test this question by estimating a simple Cournot model of bank pricing. We construct country and product specific measures of bank concentration and find that for loans and demand deposits increasing concentration may have resulted in less competitive pricing by banks, whereas for savings and time deposits, the model is rejected, suggesting increases in contestability and/or efficiency in these markets. Finally, the paper discusses some implications for tests of the effect of concentration on monetary policy transmission.
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Prospects for 2002: Waiting for the cyclical change
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2002
Abstract
This article updates the complete analysis and forecast of the economic developments in the World and Germany in particular for 2002, as published in Summer. After six quarters of downturn, the beginning of 2002 does not show signs of a revival in economic activity. Neither internal nor external forces are currently strong enough to reverse the underlying downward trend. It is assumed that by spring time the recession in the USA will have faded. Resulting is a stimulus for the World Economy. This initiating impulse will revive production in Germany and the Euro Area, which by the second half of 2002 will gain pace. The increase in exports, as induced by the upturn in the US-Economy will positively affect domestic demand. With the usual time lag this development will also strengthen the job market. Monetary Policy will remain expansive and begins to show its full effect. Fiscal Policy, on the other hand, due to the need for consolidation, will remain restrictive.
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Business cycle in Germany: Bottom phase almost completed
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 10,
2001
Abstract
In the report, the economic situation in Germany and in the Eurozone in the current year 2001 and in the following year 2002 is analyzed and forecasted in detail. Due to the unfavorable global economic situation and the unexpectedly high inflation, GDP growth has been slowing down in Germany in the year 2001. In 2002, growth will regain momentum. In the remaining course of this year, inflation will abate, thus allowing the European Central Bank leeway for an ease in monetary policy, provided wage increases remain moderate. Due to the cyclically lower revenues and higher expenditures, the public deficit will be temporarily higher than projected in the Stability Program. This should not be counteracted so as not to further endanger economic growth. The main National Accounts data for Germany are summarized in a detailed table in the appendix.
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Long term appointment of central bankers: Costs and benefits
Axel Lindner
European Journal of Political Economy,
No. 4,
2000
Abstract
Why do independent central bank boards have a reputation for more moderate policy than do elected governments, even if the board's members have been appointed by the current or former government? This paper gives an explanation for the case of a political world with ‘zeitgeist shocks’ on the electorate's preferences. If the median position of preferences inside the board determines the monetary policy, a trade-off concerning member term length arises: a longer term entails more moderation, while enhancing the likelihood of detachment from contact to the electorate's current preferences.
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