Innovation Cooperation in East and West Germany: A Study on the Regional and Technological Impact
Uwe Cantner, Alexander Giebler, Jutta Günther, Maria Kristalova, Andreas Meder
International Journal of Computational Economics and Econometrics,
3/4
2018
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the impact of regional and technological innovation systems on innovation cooperation. We develop an indicator applicable to regions, which demonstrates the relative regional impact on innovation cooperation. Applying this method to German patent data, we find that regional differences in the degree of innovation cooperation do not only depend on the technology structure of a region but also on specific regional effects. High-tech oriented regions, whether east or west, are not automatically highly cooperative regions. East German regions have experienced a dynamic development of innovation cooperation since re-unification in 1990. Their cooperation intensity remains higher than in West German regions.
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Does Intermunicipal Cooperation Increase Efficiency? A Conditional Metafrontier Approach for the Hessian Wastewater Sector
F. Blaeschke, Peter Haug
Local Government Studies,
Nr. 1,
2018
Abstract
This paper analyses the relationship between intermunicipal cooperation and efficiency of public service provision. Organisational arrangements of public service production, including self-provision, joint provision or contracting, affect incentives and internal transaction costs. Hence, cooperation gains from scale effects need to be balanced against technical inefficiencies. We analyse relative efficiency of wastewater disposal for German municipalities. We employ a conditional analysis in conjunction with a metafrontier approach to calculate relative efficiency measures and technology gap ratios controlling for organisational arrangements and further environmental variables. Jointly providing municipalities and contractor municipalities exhibit lower technical efficiency than self-providing and contracting municipalities. As confirmed by previous research, scale effects from cooperation and contracting apply to small municipalities primarily.
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Macro-Financial Modelling of the Singapore Economy: a GVAR Approach
Alessandro Galesi, Filippo di Mauro
Monetary Authority of Singapore Macroeconomic Review,
October
2017
Abstract
Globalisation has greatly increased the degree of interdependence across countries. Macroeconomic policy must therefore take a global perspective, particularly in the case of small open economies such as Singapore. From a modeller’s point of view, this requires considering many countries, regions and markets, as well as multiple channels of transmission, including trade and financial linkages. Cross-country interdependencies are increasingly reflected in the effects of global shocks, to oil or food prices for example, as well as technology and policy uncertainty spillovers.
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Immigration and the Rise of American Ingenuity
Ufuk Akcigit, John Grigsby, Tom Nicholas
American Economic Review,
Nr. 5,
2017
Abstract
We build on the analysis in Akcigit, Grigsby, and Nicholas (2017) by using US patent and census data to examine the relationship between immigration and innovation. We construct a measure of foreign born expertise and show that technology areas where immigrant inventors were prevalent between 1880 and 1940 experienced more patenting and citations between 1940 and 2000. The contribution of immigrant inventors to US innovation was substantial. We also show that immigrant inventors were more productive than native born inventors; however, they received significantly lower levels of labor income. The immigrant inventor wage-gap cannot be explained by differentials in productivity.
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Im Fokus: Industrielle Kerne in Ostdeutschland und wie es dort heute aussieht – Das Beispiel des Zentrums Mikroelektronik Dresden
Gerhard Heimpold
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 1,
2017
Abstract
Das Unternehmen IDT Europe GmbH mit Sitz in Dresden, das bis Dezember 2015 als Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden (ZMDI AG) firmierte, kann ein Beispiel auch für andere Industrieunternehmen in Deutschland sein: Fokus auf Forschung, Entwicklung und Design – ohne eigene Fertigung. Die IDT Europe GmbH war als Forschungseinrichtung für die mikroelektronische Industrie der DDR gestartet und konnte nach der Herstellung der Deutschen Einheit als ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Halbleiterindustrie und -forschung in der Region Dresden erhalten werden. Das Unternehmen befand sich bis 1998 faktisch im Eigentum des Freistaates Sachsen. Ende 1998 erfolgte die Privatisierung. In den 2000er Jahren spezialisierte sich das ZMDI vor allem auf Halbleiter-Erzeugnisse für energieeffiziente Lösungen insbesondere in Automobilen, der Medizintechnik, Industrieautomatisierung und Konsumelektronik. Im Jahr 2007 wurde die eigene Halbleiterfertigung aufgegeben, und es erfolgte eine Konzentration auf Forschung und Entwicklung. Das ZMDI profilierte sich als ein mittelständisches Headquarter-Unternehmen mit Sitz in Dresden. Im Dezember 2015 wurde die ZMDI AG vom US-Halbleiter-Unternehmen Integrated Device Technology, Inc. (IDT) erworben, bildet im neuen Unternehmensverbund das Exzellenzzentrum für Halbleiteranwendungen in Automobilen und entwickelt auch Produkte für industrielle Anwendungen und die Konsumelektronik.
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Innovation Network
Daron Acemoglu, Ufuk Akcigit, William R. Kerr
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS),
Nr. 41,
2016
Abstract
Technological progress builds upon itself, with the expansion of invention in one domain propelling future work in linked fields. Our analysis uses 1.8 million US patents and their citation properties to map the innovation network and its strength. Past innovation network structures are calculated using citation patterns across technology classes during 1975–1994. The interaction of this preexisting network structure with patent growth in upstream technology fields has strong predictive power on future innovation after 1995. This pattern is consistent with the idea that when there is more past upstream innovation for a particular technology class to build on, then that technology class innovates more.
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The Importance of Localized Related Variety for International Diversification of Corporate Technology
Eva Dettmann, Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Jutta Günther, Björn Jindra
Regional Studies,
Nr. 10,
2016
Abstract
Die Bedeutung der lokalisierten verbundenen Vielfalt für die internationale Diversifizierung von Unternehmenstechnik.
Die Internationalisierung der Forschung und Entwicklung hat sich in den letzten Jahren erheblich verstärkt. In diesem Beitrag analysieren wir die Determinanten der räumlichen Verteilung von ausländischen Technikaktivitäten in 96 deutschen Regionen. Zur Identifizierung ausländischer Technikaktivitäten wird das Konzept des grenzübergreifenden Eigentums auf Patentanträge angewandt. Die wichtigste Prämisse lautet, dass Regionen mit einer höheren verbundenen Vielfalt von Technikaktivitäten zwischen den einzelnen Sektoren mehr ausländische Technikaktivitäten anziehen. Aus den Schätzungen geht hervor, dass dies auf Regionen zutrifft, die sich durch ein hohes Maß an genereller technischer Stärke auszeichnen. Dies lässt darauf schließen, dass verbundene Vielfalt die technische Diversifizierung von ausländischen Unternehmen in Regionen an der Spitze der geografischen Hierarchie begünstigt.
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Transition to Clean Technology
Daron Acemoglu, Ufuk Akcigit, Douglas Hanley, William R. Kerr
Journal of Political Economy,
Nr. 1,
2016
Abstract
We develop an endogenous growth model in which clean and dirty technologies compete in production. Research can be directed to either technology. If dirty technologies are more advanced, the transition to clean technology can be difficult. Carbon taxes and research subsidies may encourage production and innovation in clean technologies, though the transition will typically be slow. We estimate the model using microdata from the US energy sector. We then characterize the optimal policy path that heavily relies on both subsidies and taxes. Finally, we evaluate various alternative policies. Relying only on carbon taxes or delaying intervention has significant welfare costs.
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Determinants of Knowledge Exchange Between Foreign and Domestic Enterprises in European Post-transition Economies
Andrea Gauselmann
Journal Economia e Politica Industriale (Journal of Industrial and Business Economics),
Nr. 4,
2014
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the literature on internationalised research and development by investigating determinants of knowledge and technology transfer between foreign subsidiaries and the local economy in European post-transition economies. This inquiry leads to a better understanding of determinants that influence this knowledge and technology exchange. Applying a logit model, we find that, in particular, the foreign subsidiary’s corporate governance structure, its embeddedness in the multinational enterprise’s internal knowledge base, its own technological capacity, the growth of the regional knowledge stock and the regional sectoral diversification are all positively associated with the transfer of knowledge. Subsidiaries’ investment motives and the relative weight of the sector of investment in the region’s economy appear to be of less importance. The analysis focuses on European post-transition economies, using the example of five selected Central Eastern European countries and East Germany. We exploit a unique dataset, the IWH FDI Micro database, which contains information on one thousand two hundred forty-five foreign subsidiaries in this region.
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