Path Dependence and QWERTY's Lock-in: Toward a Veblenian Interpretation
John B. Hall, Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Jutta Günther
Journal of Economic Issues,
Nr. 2,
2011
Abstract
In “Clio and the Economics of QWERTY,“ Paul David challenges an overarching, mainstream assumption that market forces should indeed lead toward efficient and optimal outcomes that include technology selection. David seeks to explain the endurance of technologies that his use of historiography judges inefficient and suboptimal. We challenge David's research, arguing that failure to consider the original institutional economics (OIE) tradition limits his grasp of complex processes to reduced notions of “path dependence“ based upon a “lock-in.“ This inquiry offers an alternative account of QWERTY and technology selection based upon Veblenian thinking, further supported by Paul Dale Bush's emphasis upon the ceremonial.
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New Insights in Business Cycles: An Overview
Oliver Holtemöller, J. Rahn, M. H. Stierle
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
Nr. 6,
2009
Abstract
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Menschenwürdige Wirtschaftsordnung: Historische Wurzeln und Konzepte
Ulrich Blum
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
Nr. 1,
2007
Abstract
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Knowledge Spill-overs for Knowledge-based Development: Progression in Theory and Obstacles for Empirical Research
Peter Franz
International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development,
2010
Abstract
As scientists and policymakers tend to interpret changes in the economy as a trend towards an increasingly knowledge-based economy, their recommendations and strategies for regional economic development frequently contain elements how to intensify the knowledge flows in the region concerned. Knowledge flows come into existence from intentional action, but also in an unintended way as externalities or knowledge spillovers. This paper reviews the ways regional and urban economics has dealt with the concept of knowledge spillovers. Knowledge spillovers are defined within a conceptual framework that points out different uses of knowledge in economics. The concept’s operationalisations in diverse empirical studies are systematised and discussed. After a critical review of the current state of research, policy strategies aiming to intensify knowledge spillovers are classified. The paper concludes with an outlook on promising new approaches to research knowledge spillovers and on the elaboration of more efficient policy strategies.
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A New Metric for Banking Integration in Europe
Reint E. Gropp, A. K. Kashyap
Europe and the Euro,
2010
Abstract
Most observers have concluded that while money markets and government bond markets are rapidly integrating following the introduction of the common currency in the euro area, there is little evidence that a similar integration process is taking place for retail banking. Data on cross-border retail bank flows, cross-border bank mergers and the law of one price reveal no evidence of integration in retail banking. This paper shows that the previous tests of bank integration are weak in that they are not based on an equilibrium concept and are neither necessary nor sufficient statistics for bank integration. The paper proposes a new test of integration based on convergence in banks' profitability. The new test emphasises the role of an active market for corporate control and of competition in banking integration. European listed banks profitability appears to converge to a common level. There is weak evidence that competition eliminates high profits for these banks, and underperforming banks tend to show improved profitability. Unlisted European banks differ markedly. Their profits show no tendency to revert to a common target rate of profitability. Overall, the banking market in Europe appears far from being integrated. In contrast, in the U.S. both listed and unlisted commercial banks profits converge to the same target, and high profit banks see their profits driven down quickly.
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Evaluating the German (New Keynesian) Phillips Curve
Rolf Scheufele
North American Journal of Economics and Finance,
2010
Abstract
This paper evaluates the New Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) and its hybrid variant within a limited information framework for Germany. The main interest resides in the average frequency of price re-optimization by firms. We use the labor income share as the driving variable and consider a source of real rigidity by allowing for a fixed firm-specific capital stock. A GMM estimation strategy is employed as well as an identification robust method based on the Anderson–Rubin statistic. We find that the German Phillips curve is purely forward-looking. Moreover, our point estimates are consistent with the view that firms re-optimize prices every 2–3 quarters. These estimates seem plausible from an economic point of view. But the uncertainties around these estimates are very large and also consistent with perfect nominal price rigidity, where firms never re-optimize prices. This analysis also offers some explanation as to why previous results for the German NKPC based on GMM differ considerably. First, standard GMM results are very sensitive to the way in which orthogonality conditions are formulated. Further, model mis-specifications may be left undetected by conventional J tests. This analysis points out the need for identification robust methods to get reliable estimates for the NKPC.
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What Happened to the East German Housing Market? A Historical Perspective on the Role of Public Funding
Claus Michelsen, Dominik Weiß
Post-Communist Economies,
2010
Abstract
The paper analyses the development of the East German housing market after the reunification of the former German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany in 1990. We analyse the dynamics of the East German housing market within the framework of the well-known stock-flow model, proposed by DiPasquale and Wheaton. We show that the today observable disequilibrium to a large extend is caused by post-unification housing policy and its strong fiscal incentives to invest into the housing stock. Moreover, in line with the stylized empirical facts, we show that ‘hidden reserves’ of the housing market were reactivated since the economy of East Germany became market organized. Since initial undersupply was overcome faster than politicians expected, the implemented fiscal stimuli were too strong. In contrast to the widespread opinion that outward migration caused the observable vacancies, this paper shows that not weakness of demand but supply side policies caused the observable disequilibrium.
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EU 2020 – Impulse für die Post-Lissabonstrategie. Internationale Politikanalyse
S. Gran, B. Hacker, A. P. Jakobi, S. Petzold, Toralf Pusch, P Steinberg
,
2009
Abstract
Die Lissabonstrategie ist mit ihrer vornehmlich angebotsseitigen und auf die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ausgerichteten Orientierung gescheitert, da sie die Notwendigkeit eines europäischen Policy-Mix nicht erkannt hat. In der Nachfolgestrategie „EU 2020“ sollte ein veränderter Focus zum Tragen kommen, der das bisherige Wachstumsziel erweitert um die Gewährleistung des qualitativen und nachhaltigen Wirtschaftens. Nur die Gleichrangigkeit der ökonomischen Integration mit sozialen und ökologischen Zielsetzungen ermöglicht die Steigerung der sozialen Produktivität in Europa. Das Papier wurde in den Konsultationsprozess der EU-Kommission zur Post-Lissabonstrategie eingespeist.
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Die ostdeutschen Städte und speziell Leipzig im deutschen Städtesystem
Peter Franz
Stadt Leipzig (Hrsg.),
2010
Abstract
Vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg nahmen viele ostdeutsche Städte prominente Positionen im gesamtdeutschen Städtesystem ein. 20 Jahre nach der deutschen Einheit wird überprüft, wie weit der Prozess der Reintegration dieser Städte in das gesamtdeutsche Städtesystem vorangekommen ist. Zu diesem Zweck werden die 13 größten ostdeutschen Städte – mit Leipzig, aber ohne Berlin – mit westdeutschen Städten ähnlicher Größe anhand eines Sets ökonomischer und fiskalischer Indikatoren verglichen. Die Indikatoren zeichnen ein differenziertes Bild: Das durchschnittliche Pro-Kopf-Einkommen ist in den ostdeutschen Städten noch niedriger und die Arbeitslosigkeit noch höher als in den westdeutschen Vergleichsstädten. Die relativ gute Ausstattung mit Hochschulen und Forschungseinrichtungen weist auf zukünftige Wachstumschancen ostdeutscher Städte hin. Trotz der nach wie vor drängenden wirtschaftlichen Probleme sollte nicht vergessen werden, dass die ostdeutschen Städte in ihrem lang anhaltenden wirtschaftlichen Aufholprozess bisher gut vorangekommen sind.
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