Signaling currency crises in South Africa
Tobias Knedlik
South African Reserve Bank: Macroeconomic Policy Challenges for South Africa Conference, South African Reserve Bank,
2006
Abstract
Diese Arbeit betrachtet die südafrikanischen Währungskrisenepisoden von 1996, 1998 und 2001, um gemeinsame länderspezifische Ursachen für Währungskrisen in Südafrika zu ermitteln. Die Identifikation der Währungskrisen erfolgt mittels des Exchange Market Pressure Indexes, welcher von Eichengreen, Rose und Wyplosz (1996) entwickelt wurde. Dann wird ein Signalansatz, basierend auf Kaminsky und Reinhart (1996, 1998) verwendet, um mit dessen Hilfe das Risiko für Währungskrisen in Südafrika zu evaluieren. Die Arbeit berücksichtigt als potentielle Einflussgrößen die üblichen Variablen aus der Währungskrisentheorie sowie länderspezifische Faktoren, welche sich aus dem Bericht der Myburgh Commission (2002) und aktueller Literatur ergeben.
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Three methods of forecasting currency crises: Which made the run in signaling the South African currency crisis of June 2006?
Tobias Knedlik, Rolf Scheufele
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 17,
2007
Abstract
In this paper we test the ability of three of the most popular methods to forecast the South African currency crisis of June 2006. In particular we are interested in the out-ofsample performance of these methods. Thus, we choose the latest crisis to conduct an out-of-sample experiment. In sum, the signals approach was not able to forecast the outof- sample crisis of correctly; the probit approach was able to predict the crisis but just with models, that were based on raw data. Employing a Markov-regime-switching approach also allows to predict the out-of-sample crisis. The answer to the question of which method made the run in forecasting the June 2006 currency crisis is: the Markovswitching approach, since it called most of the pre-crisis periods correctly. However, the “victory” is not straightforward. In-sample, the probit models perform remarkably well and it is also able to detect, at least to some extent, out-of-sample currency crises before their occurrence. It can, therefore, not be recommended to focus on one approach only when evaluating the risk for currency crises.
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Macroeconomic Policy Formation in Africa - General Issues
Karl Wohlmuth, Achim Gutowski, M. Kandil, Tobias Knedlik, O. O. Uzor
African Development Perspectives Yearbook, Vol. 16,
2014
Abstract
In Volume 16 with the title “Macroeconomic Policy Formation in Africa - General Issues“ new macroeconomic policy frameworks for Africa are discussed. Emphasis is on macroeconomic policies focusing on sustainable and inclusive growth, especially by considering the employment targeting of macroeconomic policy frameworks in Africa. The responses of the macroeconomic policymakers in Africa to the Euro crisis and to the recent globalization trends are reviewed and analyzed. The role of macroeconomic policies for generating sustainable and inclusive growth is also discussed. In Volume 16 also the economics of the “Arab Spring“ countries is analyzed, by focusing on the socioeconomic conditions and the economic policy factors that have led to the “Arab Spring“ events. Highlighted are the cases of Egypt and Tunisia, and the new strategic and policy frameworks in these countries after the democratic changes. An agenda for comprehensive policy reforms for the Arab countries in Africa is presented. In forthcoming Volume 17 with the title “Macroeconomic Policy Formation in Africa - Country Cases“ macroeconomic policies in African post-conflict countries and in the ECOWAS region are considered. Volume 17 contains also a section with Book Reviews and Book Notes.
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Political Institutionalisation and Economic Specialisation in Polycentric Metropolitan Regions – The Case of the East-German ‘Saxony Triangle’
Peter Franz, Christoph Hornych
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 6,
2009
Abstract
The rising attention of politicians as well as scientists in the EU to the large urban agglomerations as centres of economic growth is accompanied by political efforts to identify and to demarcate such agglomerations under the label ‘metropolitan regions’. This study develops a theoretical framework broaching the issue of cooperation between municipalities from the perspective of regional economics as well as political science. The framework is applied to the empirical case of the polycentric metropolitan region ‘Saxony Triangle’ in East Germany. The results show that various intervening factors prevent intense cooperation between the actors in the region. Policy implications and con-
clusions for future research are discussed.
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Industry Concentration and Regional Innovative Performance – Empirical Evidence for Eastern Germany
Christoph Hornych, Michael Schwartz
Post-Communist Economies,
2009
Abstract
Regarding technological innovativeness, the transformed economy of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) clearly lags behind the western part of the country. To face this weakness a broad mixture of policy measures was carried out in recent years. Particular attention is drawn to the development of industry concentrations and economic ‘clusters’. However, little is known about the effectiveness of these policy measures regarding how industry concentrations in fact promote innovative performance in Eastern Germany. The present study tries to fill this gap by analysing the relationship between industry concentration in Eastern Germany and regional innovative performance. Our empirical analysis is based upon the number of patent applications of 22 manufacturing industries in 22 Eastern German planning regions. The estimated regression models indicate an inverted-U relationship between the degree of industry concentration and innovative performance. An exceedingly high degree of industry concentration in one region hampers regional innovative output. We discuss policy implications of our findings and give recommendations for future refinement of ‘cluster’-supporting policy schemes in Eastern Germany.
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Can R&D Subsidies Counteract the Economic Crisis? – Macroeconomic Effects in Germany
Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Jutta Günther, Brigitte Loose, Udo Ludwig, Nicole Nulsch
Research Policy,
Nr. 3,
2015
Abstract
During the economic crisis of 2008 and 2009, governments in Europe stabilized their economies by means of fiscal policy. After decades of absence, deficit spending was used to counteract the heavy decline in demand. In Germany, public spending went partially into R&D subsidies in favor of small and medium sized enterprises. Applying the standard open input–output model, the paper analyzes the macroeconomic effects of R&D subsidies on employment and production in the business cycle. Findings in the form of backward multipliers suggest that R&D subsidies have stimulated a substantial leverage effect. Almost two thirds of the costs of R&D projects are covered by the enterprises themselves. Overall, a subsidized R&D program results in a production, value added and employment effect that amounts to at least twice the initial financing. Overall, the R&D program counteracts the decline of GDP by 0.5% in the year 2009. In the year 2010 the effects are already procyclical since the German economy recovered quickly. Compared to the strongly discussed alternative uses of subsidies for private consumption, R&D spending is more effective.
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Environmental Performance Measurement
Edeltraud Günther, A. Sturm, Antje Berger
Externe Publikationen,
2001
Abstract
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A Novel Approach to Incubator Evaluations: The PROMETHEE Outranking Procedures
Michael Schwartz, Maximilian Göthner
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 1,
2009
Abstract
Considerable public resources are devoted to the establishment and operation of business incubators (BIs), which are seen as catalysts for the promotion of entrepreneurship, innovation activities and regional development. Despite the vast amount of research that has focused on the outcomes or effectiveness of incubator initiatives and how to measure incubator performance, there is still little understanding of how to determine incubators that are more effective than others. Based on data from 410 graduate firms, this paper applies the multi-criteria outranking technique PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) and compares the long-term effectiveness of five technology-oriented BIs in Germany. This is the first time that outranking procedures are used in incubator evaluations. In particular, we investigate whether PROMETHEE is a well-suited methodological approach for the evaluation and comparisons in the specific context of business incubation.
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Broadband Investment and the Threat of Regulation: Preventing Monopoly Exploitation or Infrastructure Construction?
Ulrich Blum, Christian Growitsch, Niels Krap
Review of Network Economics,
2007
Abstract
Die Investitionen seitens der Deutschen Telekom in die VDSL-Technologie wurden von ihr an die Bedingung der Regulierungsfreiheit geknüpft. Um eine Regulierungsstrategie zu entwickeln, die gleichzeitig Investitionen ermöglicht und monopolistische Preise verhindert, wird in diesem Beitrag die Investitionsentscheidung unter Regulierungsandrohung spieltheoretisch modelliert. Es wird gezeigt, daß die bloße Drohung einer Intervention durch den Regulierer Übergewinne verhindern kann. Der Regulierer kann die Investitionsentscheidung und den Preis des Investors über Signale über die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Eingreifens und den eventuellen Regulierungspreis beeinflussen.
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Risikomanagement als Werttreiber: volks- und betriebswirtschaftliche Perspektive
Ulrich Blum, Werner Gleißner
Wertorientiertes Management,
2005
Abstract
Worin unterscheiden sich erfolgreiche von weniger erfolgreichen "Bewältigern des Risikos", und welche Techniken sind verfügbar, die den Umgang mit Risiko erleichtern. Zunächst wird der Frage nachgegangen, was sich institutionell geändert hat, weshalb (ökonomische) Risiken möglicherweise stärker als zu früheren Zeiten auf das Individuum bzw. das Unternehmen (insbesondere das KMU) durchschlagen. Die Antwort findet sich vor allem in Prozessen, die mit den Begriffen "Globalisierung" und "Netzwerkökonomie" verbunden sind. Sodann werden ökonomische Aspekte des Risikos vertieft, dabei auch der Frage nachgegangen, wodurch eigentlich Wohlstand entsteht, um schließlich zu prüfen, welche Wirkungsbeziehungen in Richtung auf den Unternehmenswert bestehen. Dabei wird zwischen vollkommenen und unvollkommenen Märkten unterschieden. Darauf aufbauend wird schließlich eine Systematik des Risikomanagements vorgestellt und daran aufgezeigt, wie dieser "Wertreiber" zur Unternehmensentwicklung beitragen kann. Darauf baut eine Darstellung der Organisation des Risikomanagements im Unternehmen auf. Ein Ausblick zeigt auf, wie volkswirtschaftliche Institutionen weiterentwickelt werden können, um die Risikoallokation zu optimieren.
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